Hiwasa Castle, Kaifu District (Tokushima Prefecture) Complete Guide | History, Highlights, and Access Explained in Detail
What is Hiwasa Castle?
Hiwasa Castle (Hiwasa-jo) is a mountain castle ruin located in Hiwasaura, Minami-cho, Kaifu-gun, Tokushima Prefecture. Also known as “Inosu Castle,” it was built on the summit of Shiroyama (Castle Mountain), approximately 65 meters above sea level, overlooking Hiwasa Bay.
The current white castle tower is a replica built in 1978 and is used as an observation deck. From Shiroyama, it is known as a scenic spot offering panoramic views of the town of Hiwasa, the vast Pacific Ocean, and, on clear days, even Cape Muroto and the Kii Peninsula in the distance.
The place name Hiwasa was known as “Hiwasa-sho” during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, and has a long history of flourishing as a transportation hub. Although currently part of Minami Town, it was an independent municipality, Hiwasa Town, Kaifu District, until March 31, 2006.
History of Hiwasa Castle
Background and Era of Construction
There are several theories regarding the construction period of Hiwasa Castle. The most widely accepted theory is that it was built during the Genki era (1570-1573). At that time, Awa Province (present-day Tokushima Prefecture) was under the control of the Hosokawa clan, and Hiwasa Hizen-no-kami, a retainer of Hosokawa Saneyuki, was the lord of the castle.
The purpose of construction was to defend against the invasion of Chosokabe Motochika, who was advancing northward from Tosa Province (present-day Kochi Prefecture). In the late Sengoku period, the Chosokabe clan’s power, aiming for the unification of Shikoku, was expanding rapidly, and an invasion of southern Awa became a real threat. Hiwasa Hizen-no-kami, as a local powerful family, played an important role in protecting the coastline.
The History of the Hiwasa Clan and the Castle
The Hiwasa clan was a local powerful family that ruled this region. Detailed historical records regarding the castle are scarce, and many aspects remain unclear. It is believed that, after the turbulent Sengoku period, the castle came under the influence of the Chosokabe clan during the Tensho era (1573-1592).
Subsequently, with Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s conquest of Shikoku, Awa Province became the territory of the Hachisuka clan. During the Edo period, it came under the control of the Tokushima Domain, and it is presumed that Hiwasa Castle gradually ceased to play a role.
Hiwasa Castle in the Modern Era
After the Meiji era, the castle ruins were neglected for a long time, but in 1978, a replica castle tower was constructed as the “Hiwasa Workers’ Outdoor Activity Facility.” While this tower is not based on historical research, it has become a beloved symbol of Hiwasa for the townspeople.
Currently, access to the castle keep is restricted due to its age and deterioration. While tours of the interior are not possible due to the risk of falling roof tiles, the hiking trail to the castle hill is maintained, allowing visitors to enjoy the exterior and surrounding views.
Structure and Remains of Hiwasa Castle
Castle Location and Layout
Hiwasa Castle is a typical coastal castle (naval castle) built on a peninsula-shaped hill jutting out into Hiwasa Bay. Although it is a relatively low mountain at approximately 65 meters above sea level, it is a natural stronghold surrounded on three sides by the sea and a river.
Regarding the castle’s layout, detailed records are scarce, so it remains speculative, but it is believed to have been a small mountain castle with the main enclosure at the summit and several tiers of baileys. Since its primary purpose was to monitor and defend against enemy incursions from the sea, large-scale castle facilities were likely unnecessary.
Existing Remains
Unfortunately, there are very few clear remains from the Sengoku period (Warring States period) at Hiwasa Castle. Due to years of weathering and later development, the original stone walls, earthworks, and moats have been lost.
The stone walls visible today were constructed during the building of the replica keep and are not historical remains. However, slight elevation changes and leveled areas can be seen in the mountaintop terrain, giving a sense of the former castle facilities.
Along the hiking trail to the castle mountain, there are information boards and explanatory signs maintained by local residents, where you can learn about the castle’s history and the changes in the town of Hiwasa.
Features of the Replica Keep
The replica keep, built in 1978, is a three-story, three-tiered building with white walls. Although it is a “tourist keep” without historical basis, its white appearance has become a landmark of Hiwasa town.
The view from the keep is magnificent, and it was once possible to climb inside. From the observation deck, a 360-degree panorama unfolds, offering views of the town of Hiwasa, Ohama Beach, the Pacific Ocean horizon, and even the mountain range of the Shikoku Mountains. On clear days, the view stretches as far as Cape Muroto and the mountains of the Kii Peninsula, captivating visitors for centuries.
Currently, due to the building’s deterioration, entry to the interior is prohibited, but even just viewing the exterior allows one to feel the history of Hiwasa.
Attractions around Hiwasa Castle
Ohama Beach and Sea Turtle Nesting Ground
Ohama Beach, within walking distance of Hiwasa Castle, is designated a national natural monument as a nesting ground for loggerhead sea turtles. Every year from May to August, many sea turtles come ashore to lay their eggs, making it a precious beach.
Along the coast is the “Hiwasa Sea Turtle Museum Caretta,” where you can learn about sea turtle ecology and conservation efforts. The beautiful sandy beach and blue sea are also strikingly beautiful when viewed from Shiroyama Hill.
Yakushiji Temple (Shikoku 88 Temple Pilgrimage, Temple No. 23)
Yakushiji Temple, the 23rd temple of the Shikoku 88 Temple Pilgrimage, is a representative tourist spot in Hiwasa. Widely known as a “temple for warding off evil,” it attracts many pilgrims and visitors throughout the year.
The stone steps leading to the main hall of Yakushiji Temple are called “Yakuzaka” (Evil-Repelling Slope), consisting of 42 steps for men, 33 steps for women, and 61 steps for those turning 60 (Year of Exorcism), for a total of 136 steps. There is a custom of placing a one-yen coin on each step while climbing, which is believed to ward off evil, offering a unique pilgrimage experience.
Yakushiji Temple is about a 15-minute walk from Hiwasa Castle, and a sightseeing course visiting both is popular.
Hiwasa Townscape and Historical Buildings
The town of Hiwasa retains traces of its past as a thriving port town that prospered from maritime transport and commerce. The town center is dotted with old merchant houses and storehouses, creating a nostalgic atmosphere.
Especially along the Hiwasa River, buildings from the Edo period to the early Showa period remain, allowing visitors to feel the history just by strolling around. Interacting with the locals is also one of the charms of visiting Hiwasa.
Hiwasa Hachiman Shrine
Located at the foot of Shiroyama (Castle Mountain), Hiwasa Hachiman Shrine has long been revered as the local guardian deity. It is said that the lord of Hiwasa Castle also visited the shrine, and Shiroyama can be seen from the shrine grounds.
Every autumn, the annual festival is held, creating a lively atmosphere as a traditional local event.
Access to Hiwasa Castle
Access by Public Transportation
Using the JR Mugi Line
- Get off at JR “Hiwasa Station,” then walk approximately 15-20 minutes to the castle mountain trailhead.
- The castle mountain is visible from the station, and the directions are easy to follow.
- From Tokushima Station to Hiwasa Station: Approximately 1 hour 15 minutes by limited express train, approximately 2 hours by local train.
Using Highway Bus
- Approximately 2 hours by bus from Tokushima Station towards Anan/Hiwasa.
- Get off at the “Hiwasa” bus stop, then walk approximately 15 minutes.
Access by Car
From Tokushima City
- From Tokushima IC on the Tokushima Expressway, head south on National Route 55 for approximately 1 hour 30 minutes.
- Alternatively, use the Tokushima Southern Expressway (free section) and take National Route 55 from the end of the expressway.
From Kochi City
- Head north on National Route 55 for approximately 2 hours.
Parking Information
- It is possible to drive up to the middle of Shiroyama Mountain.
- Free parking available (approximately 10 cars).
- Approximately 5-10 minutes on foot from the parking lot to the castle keep.
About the Hiking Trail
The hiking trail to Shiroyama Mountain is well-maintained, making it relatively easy to climb even for those without much physical stamina. It takes approximately 15-20 minutes from the trailhead to the summit.
The trail is surrounded by trees and offers a rich natural environment where you can observe different plants depending on the season. The scenery is particularly beautiful during the fresh greenery of spring and the vibrant autumn foliage, enhancing the enjoyment of the hike.
While the trail is well-maintained, it can become slippery on rainy days, so comfortable walking shoes are recommended.
Hiwasa Castle Tourist Information
Basic Information
Location
445-1 Ura, Hiwasa, Minami-cho, Kaifu-gun, Tokushima Prefecture 779-2304
Inquiries
Minami-cho Tourism Association: 0884-77-1875
Minami-cho Town Hall: 0884-77-3617
Opening Hours
Climbing the castle mountain is possible 24 hours a day (not recommended at night due to danger)
*Entry to the replica keep is currently prohibited
Admission Fee
Free
Estimated Time Required
Approximately 30 minutes to 1 hour for climbing and sightseeing
Precautions for Visitors
- Entry to the Keep is Prohibited: Due to deterioration, entry to the interior of the building is not permitted. Only exterior viewing is allowed.
- Watch Your Step: The hiking trail is well-maintained, but it can become slippery in rainy weather. Please wear appropriate footwear.
- Heatstroke Prevention: Temperatures are high in summer. Remember to stay hydrated.
- Insect Repellent: Due to the rich natural environment, we recommend using insect repellent spray, especially in summer.
- Toilets: There are no toilets on Shiroyama. Please use the restroom before hiking.
Recommended Visiting Season
Spring (March-May): The fresh greenery is beautiful, and the weather is mild, making it ideal for hiking. You can also enjoy the cherry blossoms in the surrounding area during cherry blossom season.
Summer (June-August): This coincides with the sea turtle nesting season at Ohama Beach. We recommend visiting Hiwasa Castle as well. However, heat protection is essential.
Autumn (September-November): The autumn foliage is beautiful, and the weather is stable. It is especially lively during the autumn festival at Yakuoji Temple.
Winter (December to February)
The air is clear, offering excellent visibility, and on sunny days, you can expect magnificent views. Be sure to dress warmly when you visit.
Sightseeing Plan to Enjoy Hiwasa Castle and Other Attractions
Half-Day Course (Approx. 3-4 hours)
- Arrive at JR Hiwasa Station
- Visit Hiwasa Castle (1 hour)
- Visit Yakushiji Temple (1 hour)
- Stroll through Hiwasa town and have lunch (1-2 hours)
- Depart from Hiwasa Station
Full-Day Course (Approx. 6-8 hours)
- Arrive at JR Hiwasa Station
- Visit Hiwasa Sea Turtle Museum Caretta (1 hour)
- Stroll along Ohama Beach (30 minutes)
- Visit Hiwasa Castle (1 hour)
- Lunch (1 hour)
- Visit Yakushiji Temple (1 hour)
- Stroll through Hiwasa town and buy souvenirs (1-2 hours)
- Visit Hiwasa Hachiman Shrine (30 minutes)
- Depart from Hiwasa Station
Nearby Accommodations
Around Hiwasa, there are various accommodations including guesthouses, inns, and business hotels. Many accommodations boast seafood dishes, allowing guests to enjoy fresh fish and shellfish.
Furthermore, with a short trip, accommodations are available in Muroto Cape, Mugi, and Anan City, making it a convenient base for sightseeing in southeastern Shikoku.
History and Culture of Hiwasa
As a Town of Shipping and Commerce
Hiwasa has flourished since ancient times as a key point for shipping. It played an important role as a port of call for ships passing through the Kii Channel and as a port for shipping Awa indigo.
During the Edo period, commerce developed under the protection of the Tokushima Domain, and many merchants thrived. Warehouses and merchant buildings that tell the story of that prosperity still remain throughout the town.
As a Town of Faith
Another important characteristic of Hiwasa is its aspect as a town of faith, centered around Yakushiji Temple. As a pilgrimage site on the Shikoku Pilgrimage, it has welcomed many pilgrims since ancient times.
Yakushiji Temple, known as the “Temple for Warding Off Evil,” attracts people in their unlucky years from all over Japan, and the entire town is imbued with pilgrimage culture. It’s a warm town where the spirit of hospitality still thrives.
As a Town of Sea Turtles
What characterizes modern Hiwasa is its efforts to protect sea turtles. The nesting grounds of loggerhead sea turtles on Ohama Beach have been carefully protected as a local treasure.
With the opening of the “Caretta Sea Turtle Museum” and the promotion of conservation activities, Hiwasa has become nationally known as the “Town of Sea Turtles.” Its pioneering efforts to balance environmental protection and tourism have attracted much attention.
The Charm and Value of Hiwasa Castle
Historical Value
Although detailed historical records are scarce and very few remains of Hiwasa Castle exist, it remains a valuable historical site that conveys the history of southern Awa during the Sengoku period.
This site holds historical significance for research purposes, as it provides a glimpse into how local powerful families responded during the Chosokabe clan’s unification of Shikoku.
Scenic Value
The view from Shiroyama is arguably the greatest attraction of Hiwasa Castle. The vast Pacific Ocean, the beautiful ria coastline, the distant mountain range, and the townscape of Hiwasa spread out below—
This view is almost identical to the scenery seen by the castle’s lords in the past. It is a precious place where one can experience the timeless beauty of nature.
Value as a Regional Symbol
Although it is a replica, the white castle tower is deeply rooted in the community as a symbol of Hiwasa. The castle’s appearance from the sea has long served as a landmark for sailors and a symbol of returning home.
For the local people, Shiroyama is not merely a tourist destination, but a spiritual anchor. Its value should be evaluated on a different level than its historical authenticity.
Summary
Hiwasa Castle is a Sengoku period mountain castle site located in Minami-cho, Kaifu-gun, Tokushima Prefecture. While detailed history and remaining structures are limited, it is valuable as a scenic spot overlooking Hiwasa Bay and as a precious historical site that tells the history of the region.
Although entry into the current replica keep is not permitted, climbing the castle mountain and viewing the exterior is possible. The surrounding area boasts many attractive tourist spots such as Yakuoji Temple, Ohama Beach, and the Sea Turtle Museum, making it a worthwhile base for exploring Hiwasa.
When visiting southern Tokushima Prefecture, be sure to climb Hiwasa Castle and experience the view seen by the castle lords of the Sengoku period. The magnificent view of the Pacific Ocean and the tranquil atmosphere of the town will surely create lasting memories.
Minami-cho is continuing to consider the preservation and utilization of Hiwasa Castle. It is hoped that a safer environment for visitors will be established in the future. I hope many people will experience the charm of Hiwasa, where history, nature, and the warmth of its people come together in harmony.
