Tokushima Castle, Tokushima City (Tokushima Prefecture) Complete Guide | History, Highlights, and Access Information
Located in the heart of Tokushima City, Tokushima Prefecture, Tokushima Castle is a historic fortress built by the Hachisuka clan after Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s conquest of Shikoku. Currently designated a national historic site and place of scenic beauty, it is a popular attraction for citizens and tourists alike, known as Tokushima Central Park. This article comprehensively covers everything you need to know before visiting, from the detailed history and architectural features of Tokushima Castle to its current highlights.
Overview and Location of Tokushima Castle
Tokushima Castle (Tokushima-jo) is a Japanese castle located in Tokushima-cho, Tokushima City, Tokushima Prefecture. It is also known as “Izan-jo” and “Ishin-jo.” It boasts a convenient location, approximately a 10-minute walk north of JR Tokushima Station, situated in the heart of Tokushima City.
Geographical Features
Tokushima Castle was built on Shiroyama (Iyama), a 61-meter-high mountain located in the delta near the mouth of the Yoshino River. This mountain is also known as “Inoshishi-yama” (Wild Boar Mountain) because its shape resembles a wild boar, and it is said to have been named “Itsu” (Itsu) because its landscape resembles the Wei River in China.
The castle’s structure is a multi-bailey flatland castle, combining a mountain castle on the summit with a flatland castle at the foot of the mountain, strongly retaining the characteristics of castle architecture from the late Sengoku period to the early modern period. The total area covers approximately 60,000 square meters, conveying the grandeur of the Tokushima Domain, which had a 250,000 koku (unit of rice production) yield.
History and Background of Tokushima Castle
History Before Construction
It is believed that a castle already existed on Shiroyama, where Tokushima Castle was built, during the medieval period. Records indicate that Hosokawa Yoriyuki built a castle in this area during the Nanboku-cho period. Subsequently, as the rulers of Awa Province changed hands between the Miyoshi and Chosokabe clans, this strategically important location functioned as a crucial base.
Construction by the Hachisuka Clan
The full-scale construction of Tokushima Castle began in 1585 (Tensho 13). After Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s conquest of Shikoku, Hachisuka Iemasa, granted over 170,000 koku of Awa Province, began construction at Hideyoshi’s command.
Hachisuka Iemasa was the son of Hachisuka Masakatsu (Koroku), a senior retainer of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and received Awa Province in recognition of his father’s achievements. Construction was completed the following year, 1586 (Tensho 14), and thereafter, Tokushima Castle continued to function as the residence of the Hachisuka clan and the administrative center of the Awa Domain (Tokushima Domain) for approximately 280 years until the Meiji Restoration.
Development during the Edo Period
During the Battle of Sekigahara (1600), the Hachisuka clan fought on the Eastern Army (Tokugawa side) and distinguished themselves in battle. They also played an active role in the Summer Campaign of Osaka (1615), and for their achievements, they were granted additional territory in Awaji Province, becoming a daimyo with a domain of 257,000 koku in Awa and Awaji.
Throughout the Edo period, Tokushima Castle underwent several renovations. In particular, large-scale repairs were carried out during the Kan’ei era (1624-1644), including strengthening the stone walls and improving the palace. Simultaneously, the castle town was also developed, and Tokushima flourished as the political, economic, and cultural center of Awa Province.
Changes after the Meiji Restoration
After the Meiji Restoration, in 1871 (Meiji 4), Tokushima Castle was abandoned due to the abolition of the feudal domains and establishment of prefectures. In 1873 (Meiji 6), it came under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Army, and many of its buildings were demolished. The main buildings, including the castle tower, were lost during this period, and today only the stone walls, moats, and some gate remains remain, preserving the castle’s former appearance.
In 1953, Tokushima Castle ruins were designated a national historic site. Furthermore, in 1954, the Omote-Goten Garden was designated a national scenic spot, officially recognizing its historical value. Currently, it is maintained as Tokushima Central Park, a place of relaxation for citizens and a popular tourist spot.
Structure and Characteristics of Tokushima Castle
Layout and Castle Structure
Tokushima Castle is a multi-bailey flatland castle consisting of a mountain castle section centered on Shiroyama (Honmaru-yama), which is 61 meters above sea level, and a flatland castle section extending to the east. This structure is a typical example of transitional castle architecture, combining features of mountain castles from the Sengoku period and flatland castles from the early modern period.
The castle complex was broadly divided into the following sections:
Mountain Castle Section
- Honmaru (Main Enclosure, Shiroyama Mountain Summit)
- East Second Enclosure
- West Second Enclosure
- West Third Enclosure
Flatland Castle Section
- Omote-Goten (Lord’s Residence)
- East Enclosure
- West Enclosure
Keep and Main Buildings
Tokushima Castle had a three-story, three-tiered, independent tower-type keep. The keep was located on the east side of the Honmaru and faced east. It is believed to have been built during the Kan’ei era (1624-1644), and records indicate that it was relatively small but had an elegant appearance.
The keep was dismantled in 1875 (Meiji 8), but old photographs and drawings remain, allowing us to understand its appearance. The stone walls of the keep’s base remain in good condition today, evoking its former grandeur.
In addition, many turrets and gates were located within the castle grounds. The “Washi-no-mon” (Eagle Gate) in particular played an important role as the castle’s main gate. The current Washi-no-mon was restored in 1989 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Tokushima City’s founding and is a beloved symbol of Tokushima Castle.
Characteristics of the Stone Walls
The stone walls of Tokushima Castle are noteworthy for the variety of construction methods seen depending on the construction and renovation periods.
Nozura-zumi (Raw Stone Masonry): The original stone walls were constructed using the Nozura-zumi method, where natural stones were stacked as they were. This method is particularly evident in the stone walls around the main keep.
Uchikomi-tsugi (Dried Stone Joining): During renovations in the Edo period, the Uchikomi-tsugi technique, where stones were processed and laid with their corners and faces shaped, was used.
Kirikomi-tsugi (Precisely Cut Stone Joining): In some areas, the Kirikomi-tsugi technique, where stones were precisely processed and laid without gaps, can also be seen.
Furthermore, Tokushima Castle retains a rare pillar stone from a folding screen-style wall called a “Zetsuseki” (tongue stone). This stone, used to support the wall, is said to have been named for its tongue-like shape, and is particularly valuable among the stone structures of Tokushima Castle.
The stone used for the stone walls is mainly locally sourced Awa blue stone (green schist), characterized by its unique bluish hue. This stone is representative of Tokushima Prefecture and gives the stone walls of Tokushima Castle a distinctive regional character.
Omote Goten Garden
At the site of Tokushima Castle’s Omote Goten (main palace), a garden designated as a national scenic spot remains. This garden is a pond-centered strolling garden said to have been created by Ueda Sōko, a renowned tea master.
Ueda Sōko was a samurai warrior who was also well-versed in the tea ceremony and a renowned gardener who designed gardens for Hiroshima Castle and Nagoya Castle, among others. The gardens of Tokushima Castle exhibit characteristics of the transitional period from the Momoyama style to the early Edo style, showcasing a refined aesthetic sense in the arrangement of stones and ponds.
Within the gardens, magnificent stone arrangements featuring massive boulders harmonize with delicate plantings, allowing visitors to enjoy beautiful scenery throughout the seasons. Many tourists visit, especially during the cherry blossom season in spring, the fresh greenery of early summer, and the autumn foliage season.
Development of the Castle Town
Structure of the Castle Town
The castle town, which developed around Tokushima Castle, prospered through the production and distribution of Awa indigo. The castle town was systematically developed, divided into samurai residences, merchant districts, and temple/shrine districts.
Samurai Residences: Residences of high-ranking samurai were located around the castle, forming a defensive line against external enemies.
Merchant Districts: Merchant and artisan districts formed along the Shinmachi River and Sukenami River, with many wealthy indigo merchants lining the streets.
Temple and Shrine Grounds: Temples were strategically placed along major roads as defensive strongholds for the castle town.
Awa Indigo and Economic Development
The economy of the Tokushima Domain was supported by the production of Awa indigo. Indigo was in nationwide demand as a dye, and Awa indigo, which gave rise to the saying “bluer than indigo,” was particularly known for its high quality.
Indigo merchants amassed immense wealth, and their economic power greatly contributed to the development of the castle town. Even today, the remains of indigo merchants’ residences and facilities preserving the tradition of indigo dyeing can be found in Tokushima City.
Cultural Development
The Hachisuka clan also focused on cultural promotion, and cultures such as Noh theater, tea ceremony, and flower arrangement flourished in Tokushima Castle town. Furthermore, Awa puppet theater developed as a representative traditional performing art of Tokushima and continues to be passed down to this day.
Current Tokushima Castle Site
Tokushima Central Park
Currently, the Tokushima Castle site has been developed into Tokushima Central Park, a place of relaxation for citizens. Approximately 250 cherry trees are planted within the park, and a “Cherry Blossom Festival” is held in spring, attracting many visitors.
Main points of interest within the park:
Shiroyama (Main Keep Site): A walking path leads to the summit, which can be reached in about 15 minutes on foot. From the summit, you can enjoy a panoramic view of Tokushima city and the Yoshino River, and on clear days, you can even see Mount Bizan and the mountains of the Shikoku mountain range.
Stone Walls: The remaining stone walls are valuable historical remains that allow you to observe various construction methods from the time of construction to the Edo period.
Moat: A portion of the inner moat remains, giving a glimpse into the scale of the castle in its heyday.
Washi-no-mon Gate: This castle gate, restored in 1989, is a beloved symbol of Tokushima Castle.
Tokushima Castle Museum
The Tokushima Castle Museum opened in 1992 on the site of the former Tokushima Castle’s main palace. The museum focuses on the history of Tokushima Castle, the Hachisuka family, and the Tokushima Domain, conveying Tokushima’s history and culture to visitors.
Main Exhibits:
- Armor and Weapons Held by the Hachisuka Family: A valuable collection of armor, including the “Murasaki-ito Odoshi O-yoroi” (purple-threaded armor) used by the lords of the Tokushima Domain, is on display. In recent years, a 3D data project has been underway, and the collection is also available as a digital archive.
- Restored Model of Tokushima Castle: An elaborate model recreating the appearance of Tokushima Castle in its heyday is on display, allowing visitors to learn about the lost keep and palace.
- Awa Indigo-Related Materials: Exhibits include materials and tools related to Awa indigo, which supported the economy of the Tokushima Domain.
- Maps and Historical Documents: The museum houses valuable historical materials, such as maps of Tokushima Castle and historical documents passed down through the Hachisuka family.
The museum regularly holds special and themed exhibitions, allowing visitors to gain a deeper understanding of Tokushima’s history and culture.
Former Tokushima Castle Omote Goten Garden
Adjacent to the museum is the Former Tokushima Castle Omote Goten Garden, a strolling garden designated as a National Place of Scenic Beauty. Admission is charged, but a combined ticket for the museum and garden is available.
The garden is maintained to allow visitors to enjoy plants throughout the seasons, with particularly beautiful cherry blossoms in spring, azaleas in early summer, and autumn foliage. A tea house is also located within the garden, where visitors can enjoy matcha green tea (reservations required).
Access Information
Access by Public Transportation
Using JR: Approximately 10 minutes on foot from JR Tokushima Station. Exiting the north exit of the station and walking straight north will take you to Tokushima Central Park.
By Bus: Get off at the “Tokushima Castle Ruins” bus stop on the Tokushima City Bus. Multiple bus routes are available from Tokushima Station.
Access by Car
Expressway: Approximately 15 minutes from the Tokushima IC on the Tokushima Expressway. Take National Routes 11 and 192 to the city center.
Parking: There is a paid parking lot on the east side of Tokushima Central Park (capacity approximately 90 cars). The fee is 310 yen for the first hour, and 100 yen for every 30 minutes thereafter (as of 2024).
Opening Hours
Tokushima Central Park: Always open (free admission)
Tokushima Castle Museum:
- Opening Hours: 9:30 AM – 5:00 PM (Last entry at 4:30 PM)
- Closed: Every Monday (or the following day if Monday is a public holiday), New Year’s holidays (December 28th – January 2nd)
- Admission Fee: General 300 yen, High school/University students 200 yen, Junior high school students and younger free (Permanent exhibition)
Former Tokushima Castle Omote Goten Garden:
- Opening Hours: 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM (Last entry at 4:30 PM)
- Closed: Same as the museum
- Admission Fee: General 50 yen, High school/University students 30 yen, Junior high school students and younger free
- Combined ticket with the museum: General 340 yen, High school/University students 220 yen
Nearby Tourist Attractions
Mount Bizan
Mount Bizan, a symbol of Tokushima City, is located approximately 2 kilometers southeast of the Tokushima Castle ruins. A ropeway operates to the summit, offering breathtaking views of Tokushima city, the Kii Channel, and even Awaji Island from the observation deck.
Awa Odori Hall
At the Awa Odori Hall located in front of Tokushima Station, you can experience Awa Odori dance year-round. Daytime performances feature powerful dances by professional dancers, and there’s even an interactive corner where tourists can participate in the dancing.
Shinmachi River Waterfront Park
Along the Shinmachi River, which flows south of the Tokushima Castle ruins, there’s a waterfront park with a well-maintained promenade. In spring, the cherry blossom trees are beautiful, making for a pleasant stroll along the river. A sightseeing boat called the Hyotan Island Cruise also operates, allowing you to enjoy the Tokushima cityscape from the water.
Cultural Property Designation of Tokushima Castle
The Tokushima Castle ruins have been recognized for their historical and cultural value and have received multiple cultural property designations.
National Historic Site: Designated March 31, 1953
The castle ruins, centered around Shiroyama (Castle Hill), are designated as a historic site under the name “Tokushima Castle Ruins.”
National Place of Scenic Beauty: Designated March 20, 1954
The former Tokushima Castle Omote Goten Garden is designated as a Place of Scenic Beauty and is a valuable cultural property as a daimyo garden from the early Edo period.
One of Japan’s Top 100 Castles: In 2006, it was selected as the 76th of the “Top 100 Castles of Japan” by the Japan Castle Association. In the Shikoku region, it is recognized as a famous castle alongside Kochi Castle, Matsuyama Castle, Imabari Castle, Uwajima Castle, Marugame Castle, and Takamatsu Castle.
Annual Events at Tokushima Castle
Cherry Blossom Festival
Every year in early April, the “Tokushima Castle Cherry Blossom Festival” is held at Tokushima Central Park. Approximately 250 cherry trees bloom, and the trees are illuminated at night. Food stalls are set up during the festival, attracting many visitors.
Special Exhibitions at Tokushima Castle Museum
The Tokushima Castle Museum holds various special and themed exhibitions throughout the year. These exhibitions cover a wide range of themes related to Tokushima’s history and culture, including art and crafts passed down through the Hachisuka family, the history of the Tokushima domain, Awa indigo dyeing, and Awa puppet theater.
Points to Note When Visiting Tokushima Castle
Estimated Time Required for Visiting
Please use the following time allocation as a guideline for visiting the Tokushima Castle ruins:
- Park Stroll Only: 30 minutes to 1 hour
- Including Climbing Shiroyama Hill: 1 hour to 1 hour 30 minutes
- Including Museum Visit: 2 hours to 2 hours 30 minutes
- Including Garden Viewing: 2 hours 30 minutes to 3 hours
Recommended Visiting Route
- Enter through the Washinomon Gate
- Learn about history at the Tokushima Castle Museum
- View the Former Tokushima Castle Omote Goten Garden
- Climb Shiroyama Hill while observing the stone walls
- Enjoy the view of the city from the Honmaru Ruins
- After descending, stroll around the inner moat
Photo Spots
- Washinomon Gate: The restored castle gate is a representative photo spot of Tokushima Castle
- View from Honmaru Ruins: A spectacular viewpoint offering a panoramic view of Tokushima city and the Yoshino River
- Stone Walls: The various stone wall construction methods are a must-see for castle enthusiasts.
- Omote Goten Garden: Beautiful garden scenery throughout the seasons.
- Inner Moat and Cherry Blossoms: The combination of cherry blossoms and the moat is beautiful in spring.
Clothing and Items to Bring
If you plan to climb Shiroyama (castle hill), we recommend the following:
- Comfortable walking shoes (sneakers, etc.)
- Comfortable clothing
- Drinks (especially in summer)
- Insect repellent (in summer)
- Rain gear (during periods of unpredictable weather)
While the walking paths on Shiroyama are well-maintained, there are some steep stairs, so please watch your step.
Summary
Tokushima Castle is a historic castle that served as the residence of the Hachisuka clan for 280 years and is now protected as a national historic site and place of scenic beauty. Although the main keep and other structures have been lost, the remains such as the stone walls, moats, and gardens are well-preserved, allowing visitors to imagine its former glory.
Conveniently located within walking distance of JR Tokushima Station, Tokushima Central Park is a beloved local landmark, while the Tokushima Castle Museum offers a deep dive into the history of the Hachisuka family and the Tokushima domain. The park boasts beautiful natural scenery throughout the seasons, and is particularly popular with tourists during the cherry blossom season in spring.
When visiting Tokushima, be sure to visit the Tokushima Castle ruins and experience the history and culture of the 250,000-koku Awa domain. The views from the castle hill, the beautiful gardens, and the museum exhibits will deepen your understanding of Tokushima’s history.
