Complete Guide to Shitara Castle Ruins | History, Highlights, and Access Information for Aichi Prefecture’s Oldest Mountain Castle
Located in Higashiei-cho, Kitashitara-gun, Aichi Prefecture, Shitara Castle Ruins is one of the oldest mountain castles in Aichi Prefecture, believed to have been built in the early Kamakura period. As a natural fortress skillfully utilizing the terrain where the Ochise River makes a large bend, it is a valuable historical site that strongly retains the characteristics of medieval mountain castle architecture, and was designated a historical site of Aichi Prefecture in 1965.
This article thoroughly explains the charm of Shitara Castle Ruins, from its historical background to the highlights of the remains that can be seen on-site, and access information useful for actual visits.
History and Transformation of Shitara Castle
Construction in the Kamakura Period and the Shitara Clan
Shitara Castle was built in the early Kamakura period by the Shitara clan, who ruled this area. The Shitara clan was a powerful family that ruled the mountainous region of northern Mikawa Province, and it is believed that Shitara Shiro or Shitara Danjo was the first lord to build the castle.
Shitara Castle, which retains strong characteristics of early Kamakura period castle construction, is an extremely important historical site for understanding the mountain castle construction techniques of that time. Utilizing a plateau surrounded on three sides by the cliffs of the Ochise River, its defensive structure, which makes maximum use of the natural terrain, embodies the wisdom of medieval lords who needed to protect their territory with limited personnel and resources.
The Shitara Clan and Surrounding Forces in the Sengoku Period
With the arrival of the Sengoku period, the ownership of Shitara Castle shifted to the Ito clan, and it is presumed that the castle structure was also remodeled to suit the times. This remodeling resulted in the current form of the main keep, baileys, and moats.
During the time of Shitara Sadamichi, he married the daughter of Suganuma Sadanori and became a vassal of Imagawa Yoshimoto, a daimyo of Suruga Province. After Imagawa Yoshimoto’s defeat by Oda Nobunaga at the Battle of Okehazama in 1560, the Shitara clan pledged allegiance to Tokugawa Ieyasu. The Shitara clan participated in Ieyasu’s unification of Mikawa Province and his invasions of Tōtōmi and Suruga Provinces, and records show they took part in major battles such as the Battle of Mikatagahara in 1572, the Battle of Noda Castle in 1573, and the Battle of Nagashino in 1575.
Estimated Period of Abandonment
Regarding the period during which Shitara Castle actually functioned as a fortress, it is presumed that it had already been abandoned by the Sengoku period. As the mainstream of castle architecture shifted from mountain castles to flatland castles and hill castles, it is thought that small mountain castles located in mountainous areas far from strategic transportation hubs came to an end.
Even after its abandonment, the “castle ruins” continued to be recognized by local residents as a memory of the land, and in modern times, its value as a cultural asset was re-evaluated.
Shitara Castle’s Layout and Defensive Structure
Location Utilizing the Topography
The greatest feature of Shitara Castle lies in its location, which cleverly utilizes the large curve of the Ochise River. By positioning the castle on the plateau inside the river’s U-shaped meander, it became a formidable fortress protected on three sides by natural cliffs.
This topographical advantage limited enemy attacks to only certain directions, allowing for effective defense even with a small number of defending troops. The cliffs, formed by river erosion, reached heights of several tens of meters and functioned as natural fortifications that were difficult to climb with the technology of the time.
Arrangement of the Main Enclosure and Baileys
The main enclosure, the central part of the castle, was located at the innermost point of the plateau and served as the lord’s living space and the final defensive base. Even today, a flat area remains at the site of the main keep, and the structure of earthen ramparts surrounding it can be seen.
A particularly prominent earthen rampart remains in the southeastern part of the main keep, and a castle site monument has been erected on top of it. It is believed that this rampart protected the castle from enemy arrows and stones, and also functioned as a foundation for buildings.
In front of the main keep were several enclosures, including the second enclosure. Enclosures are partitioned flat areas within the castle grounds, used as garrisons for soldiers and storage areas for supplies. Each enclosure was separated by a large moat, forming a tiered defensive line.
Defensive Functions of Moats and Vertical Moats
Two types of moats can be identified at Shitara Castle: moats and vertical moats.
Moats are moats dug to cut across ridges and are a major defensive structure to prevent enemy intrusion. At Shitara Castle, trenches were constructed to separate the baileys, creating a multi-layered defensive structure where even if one bailey was breached, the next bailey could provide defense. The depth and width of the trenches retain their original appearance, allowing visitors to experience typical defensive techniques of medieval mountain castles.
Vertical trenches are trenches dug vertically along the slope, serving to prevent enemies from climbing the slope. The vertical trenches of Shitara Castle remain clearly visible today, making them valuable historical remains as defensive structures unique to mountain castles.
Structure of Earthworks
Earthworks remaining throughout the castle are earthen walls built by piling up the soil excavated from the trenches. These earthworks physically hindered enemy intrusion, while also providing visibility from within the castle and creating elevation differences advantageous to the defenders.
The earthworks of Shitara Castle are well-preserved, providing valuable evidence of the structure of mountain castles of that era. Walking along the earthen ramparts allows you to experience the perspective from which medieval castle lords and soldiers monitored their surroundings.
Highlights and Walking Routes at Shitara Castle Ruins
Approach to the Castle Ruins
Shitara Castle Ruins are currently maintained as a walking path, providing a comfortable environment for strolling. Upon entering the castle grounds from the parking lot, you’ll first find an information board where you can learn about the history and structure of the castle ruins.
The route entering the castle grounds from the south is the most common and is thought to correspond to the former main entrance (Ote-michi). Following this path, you will first reach the Ninomaru area, and further on, you will reach the Honmaru (main keep).
Remains in the Ninomaru Area
In the Ninomaru area, you can observe the moats and earthen ramparts that separated the baileys up close. The depth of the moats and the height of the ramparts give you a real sense of the strength of the defensive structure at the time.
Although the walking path is maintained, it utilizes the natural terrain, so there are some moderate ups and downs. We recommend wearing comfortable shoes. ### A Historical Experience at the Main Enclosure Site
The main enclosure site is a flat area surrounded by cliffs on three sides, and standing here allows you to experience what it was like to be a medieval lord. The panoramic view of the surrounding mountains makes you imagine the castle lord watching over his territory from this spot.
A castle site monument stands on the earthen rampart southeast of the main enclosure, making it a popular spot for commemorative photos. Looking out over the entire castle grounds from the top of the rampart, you can clearly understand the layout of the baileys and the relative positions of the moats.
Observation Points for Vertical Moats and Dry Ditches
One of the biggest highlights of the Shitara Castle ruins is the well-preserved vertical moats and dry ditches. Multiple vertical moats can be seen along the walking path, and their clear shapes allow you to learn about the defensive techniques of medieval mountain castles.
In particular, the main dry ditches are large in both depth and width, demonstrating the high level of civil engineering technology of the time. Experiencing the elevation difference from the bottom of the moat to the top of the earthen rampart will help you understand just how difficult this defensive structure was to conquer.
Surrounding Natural Environment
Shitara Castle Ruins are surrounded by the rich natural beauty of Okumikawa, allowing visitors to enjoy not only observing the castle ruins but also nature walks. The scenery changes with the seasons, from fresh greenery in spring to vibrant autumn foliage.
The landscape created by the clear waters of the Ochise River and the surrounding mountains adds natural beauty to the historical value of the castle ruins, enhancing the satisfaction of a visit.
Access Information to Shitara Castle Ruins
Location and Basic Information
Location: Furukusa, Furuto, Toei-cho, Kitashitara-gun, Aichi Prefecture
Designation: Aichi Prefecture Designated Historic Site (Designated in 1965)
Admission Fee: Free
Visiting Hours: No restrictions (Daytime visits recommended)
Parking: Available (Approximately 2-3 cars)
Access by Car
The most convenient way to access Shitara Castle Ruins is by car.
From Toyohashi:
- Head north on National Route 151
- Pass through the town center of Toei-cho
- There is a small sign along National Route 151 (be careful not to miss it)
- Follow the sign and turn onto a side road to arrive at the parking lot
The journey from Toyohashi city center takes approximately 1 to 1.5 hours. National Route 151 is a major arterial road in Okumikawa, but due to its mountainous terrain, some sections are narrow. Please drive safely and pay attention to oncoming traffic.
Access by Public Transportation
Access is possible via the JR Iida Line, but due to the distance from the station, it is necessary to plan accordingly.
- Get off at JR Iida Line “Toei Station”
- Take the Toei Machinaka Line (community bus)
- Get off at the “Kakinoguchi” bus stop
- The castle ruins are approximately a 30-minute walk away.
Since the community bus service is limited, we strongly recommend checking the timetable in advance. Also, as there is a 30-minute walk, comfortable clothing and shoes are essential.
Points to Note When Visiting
- There is only space for 2-3 cars in the parking lot, so please be careful if visiting with multiple vehicles.
- As it is a mountain castle ruin, there are areas where the ground is uneven. Wearing trekking shoes or athletic shoes is recommended.
- There are no toilet facilities within the castle ruins. Please use the facilities in Toei Town beforehand.
- Don’t forget insect repellent in summer and warm clothing in winter.
- The ground can become slippery during and after rain, so visiting on a sunny day is recommended.
Tourist Spots Around Shitara Castle
Famous Places in Toei Town
When visiting Shitara Castle ruins, it is recommended to also visit other tourist attractions in Toei Town.
Kamabuchi: A scenic spot located along the Ochise River, just like Shitara Castle ruins. Its highlight is the deep pool formed by river erosion. It is designated as a cultural property of Aichi Prefecture, and many tourists visit it in conjunction with Shitara Castle ruins.
Toei Town Hanamatsuri Hall: A facility where you can learn about the “Hanamatsuri” festival, which is designated as a National Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property. You can experience the traditional culture of Okumikawa.
Tourist Information for the Okumikawa Area
The Okumikawa area has many tourist attractions besides the Shitara Castle Ruins.
Shitara Town: The neighboring Shitara Town has historical sites related to the Battle of Shitaragahara and the “Agri Station Nagura” roadside station.
Shinshiro City: It boasts numerous historical sites from the Sengoku period, including the Nagashino Castle Ruins and the battlefield of the Battle of Nagashino. You can create a Sengoku period historical site tour route by combining Shitara Castle and Shinshiro City.
Toyone Village: It offers natural tourist destinations such as the Chausuyama Plateau, which can be enjoyed throughout the four seasons.
Cultural Value of Shitara Castle Ruins
One of Aichi Prefecture’s Oldest Mountain Castles
Shitara Castle Ruins possesses extremely high historical value as one of the oldest mountain castles remaining in Aichi Prefecture. The remains, which strongly retain the style of early Kamakura period castle construction, are valuable resources for studying the castle construction techniques and defensive philosophies of the time.
While many castle ruins have lost their original form due to later alterations and development, the Shitara Castle ruins have fortunately remained in a good state of preservation due to their location in a mountainous area. This excellent state of preservation led to its designation as an Aichi Prefecture Historic Site in 1965.
Important Resource for Medieval Mountain Castle Research
The Shitara Castle ruins possess typical characteristics of a medieval mountain castle, making them an important research subject for castle researchers.
- Site selection that maximizes the use of natural terrain
- Multi-layered defensive structure using baileys, moats, vertical trenches, and earthworks
- Efficient placement of defensive facilities with limited resources
These elements are valuable evidence showing how local powerful families in the medieval period protected their territories. The results of archaeological excavations and surveys have contributed to the study of Japanese castle history.
Historic Site that Conveys Regional History
The Shitara Castle ruins are not merely ruins, but an important cultural heritage that conveys the history of Toei Town and the Okumikawa region to the present day. The Shitara Castle Ruins are highly valued for their educational significance, serving as a witness to the history of the region, given their connection to the powerful local clan, the Imagawa and Tokugawa daimyo, and their involvement in historical events such as the Battle of Nagashino.
Through preservation activities by local residents and the development of walking trails, this historical heritage is being passed on to future generations.
Recommended Season for Visiting Shitara Castle Ruins
Spring (March-May)
The season of fresh greenery is ideal for visiting Shitara Castle Ruins. The mountains are budding, and the nature surrounding the castle ruins is at its most vibrant. The temperature is mild, making it a comfortable time for a stroll.
Summer (June-August)
Summer brings lush greenery, attracting tourists seeking respite from the heat. However, it is also a time when insects are abundant, so insect repellent is essential. Furthermore, the sun is strong, so a hat, sunscreen, and sufficient hydration are necessary.
Autumn (September-November)
The autumn foliage season is one of the most beautiful times to visit the Shitara Castle Ruins. The surrounding mountains change color, creating a landscape where the historical atmosphere of the castle ruins harmonizes with the beauty of nature. The temperature is also pleasant, making it suitable for long walks.
Winter (December-February)
Winter is a quiet season for visiting the castle ruins, as there are fewer visitors. However, it is important to check the weather and road conditions in advance, as there is a possibility of snow and ice. With proper cold weather gear, you can enjoy the crisp, wintery atmosphere.
Points to Note When Visiting Shitara Castle Ruins
Estimated Time Required
To visit Shitara Castle Ruins, allow approximately 60-90 minutes if you want to carefully observe the remains. Including photography and exploring the surrounding nature, it is recommended to plan for around 2 hours.
Useful Items to Bring
- Trekking shoes or athletic shoes: Footwear is important as it is a mountain castle site.
- Drinking water: Sufficient hydration is especially necessary in summer.
- Insect repellent spray: Recommended for visits from spring to autumn.
- Camera: For recording the remains and scenery.
- Binoculars: Useful for observing the surrounding mountains and terrain.
- Castle-related materials: Learning about the castle’s structure beforehand will deepen your understanding at the site.
Visitor Etiquette
- Please be careful not to damage the remains or collapse the earthworks to protect cultural properties.
- Please take all your trash with you.
- Do not enter private property or restricted areas.
- Please refrain from collecting plants or animals.
- Please be considerate of other visitors.
Contact Information
For detailed information and the latest status regarding the Shitara Castle Ruins, please contact the following:
Toei Town Hall Board of Education
- Address: 25 Kamimaehata, Hongō, Toei-cho, Kitashitara-gun, Aichi Prefecture
- Phone: 0536-76-0509
- Official Website: https://www.town.toei.aichi.jp/
Toei Town Tourism and Community Development Association
- Contact for general tourism information inquiries
- Consultation available regarding sightseeing plans with other tourist spots in Okumikawa
Summary
The Shitara Castle Ruins are an extremely valuable historical site, both historically and culturally, as one of the oldest mountain castles in Aichi Prefecture, built in the early Kamakura period. The natural fortress utilizing the cliffs of the Ōchise River, and the well-preserved remains such as moats, trenches, and earthworks, provide valuable evidence of the defensive structure of a medieval mountain castle.
The history of Shitara Castle, with its succession from the Shitara clan to the Ito clan and subsequent service to powerful Sengoku-era daimyo such as the Imagawa and Tokugawa clans, speaks volumes about the region’s role as a political and military battleground during the Sengoku period. Its connection to historical events, including the Battle of Nagashino, further enhances the historical value of Shitara Castle ruins.
Currently, the site is maintained as a walking trail, making it easily accessible to everyone. Surrounded by the rich natural beauty of Okumikawa, Shitara Castle ruins offer a valuable opportunity to experience a medieval mountain castle. It’s a recommended tourist spot not only for history buffs but also for those who enjoy nature walks.
If you want to learn more about the history of Aichi Prefecture, are interested in Sengoku-era historical sites, or want to learn about the structure of mountain castles, be sure to visit Shitara Castle ruins. You can relive the views seen by medieval lords and feel the romance of history.
