Complete Guide to Kakegawa Castle | A Thorough Explanation of the Charms of Japan’s First Fully Reconstructed Wooden Castle Tower and National Treasure-Class Palace
Located in Kakegawa City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Kakegawa Castle is a beautiful castle known as one of the “Famous Castles of the Tokai Region.” Reconstructed in 1994 as Japan’s first fully-constructed wooden castle tower, it, along with the existing palace, continues to attract many tourists. This article comprehensively explains everything you need to know before visiting Kakegawa Castle, from its history and highlights to practical tourist information.
What is Kakegawa Castle? | An Overview of Famous Castles of the Tokai Region
Kakegawa Castle is a hilltop castle located in Kakegawa, Kakegawa City, Shizuoka Prefecture. During the Sengoku period, it was an important base in the eastern part of Totomi Province, controlling the Tokaido road, and was the stage for numerous battles. The castle as it stands today is selected as one of Japan’s Top 100 Castles and is highly valued for both its historical value and as a tourist resource.
The most distinctive feature of Kakegawa Castle is its first fully-constructed wooden castle tower, completed in April 1994. This castle tower, restored as a wooden structure using traditional construction methods, is not merely a reproduction of the exterior, but faithfully recreates the techniques of the time, from the structure to the materials. Furthermore, the Kakegawa Castle Palace, a nationally designated Important Cultural Property, still exists, making it a valuable castle where visitors can see both the castle tower and the palace.
History of Kakegawa Castle | Changes from the Muromachi Period to the Present
Construction History and the Imagawa Clan Era
The construction of Kakegawa Castle dates back to the Muromachi period. The Imagawa clan, who were the shugo daimyo (provincial governor) of Suruga Province (present-day central Shizuoka Prefecture), sought to expand into Totomi Province and ordered their vassal, the Asahina clan, to construct the castle. There are various theories regarding the exact construction date, but it is generally believed to be around 1497-1501 or 1513.
The Asahina clan built the castle on Ryuzusan Mountain, located on the northern bank of the Sakagawa River, and used it as a base for the Imagawa clan’s control of Totomi Province. During this period, Kakegawa Castle functioned as an important military base for the Imagawa clan.
Tokugawa Ieyasu’s Siege of Kakegawa Castle
In 1568 (Eiroku 11), the relationship between Kakegawa Castle and Tokugawa Ieyasu began. When Imagawa Ujizane, the head of the Imagawa clan, holed up in Kakegawa Castle, Tokugawa Ieyasu launched an attack, resulting in the “Siege of Kakegawa Castle (Battle of Kakegawa Castle).” This battle symbolized the decline of the Imagawa clan, and Kakegawa Castle shifted under Tokugawa influence.
Castle Improvements by Yamauchi Kazutoyo
The most important figure in the history of Kakegawa Castle is Yamauchi Kazutoyo. In 1590 (Tensho 18), by order of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Yamauchi Kazutoyo became the lord of Kakegawa Castle. Famous for the anecdote of his “supportive wife,” Kazutoyo resided as lord of Kakegawa Castle for 10 years, during which time he carried out large-scale expansion and improvement of the castle’s fortifications.
The basic structure of Kakegawa Castle as we see it today was established during the time of Yamauchi Kazutoyo. Major buildings such as the keep and the main gate were constructed, completing the form of a flatland castle with a terraced layout. Kakegawa Castle, built by Kazutoyo, came to be praised as a “famous castle of the Tokai region” due to its beauty.
Kakegawa Castle in the Edo Period
During the Edo period, Kakegawa Castle played an important role as the residence of a fudai daimyo (hereditary vassal daimyo). Located at a strategic point on the Tokaido road, it was a strategically important fortress for the shogunate. During this period, several daimyo families served as lords of the castle, and the castle town also flourished.
The Ansei Earthquake and the Castle’s Demolition
In 1854 (Kaei 7), Kakegawa Castle faced a major turning point. The Ansei Tokai Earthquake caused extensive damage to most of the castle, including the keep. The damage from this earthquake was immense, and the once beautiful keep collapsed.
After the Meiji Restoration, Kakegawa Castle was abandoned during the Meiji period, and many of its buildings were demolished. Fortunately, however, some buildings, such as the palace, were preserved and remain to this day.
Heisei Restoration Project
From the Showa to the Heisei era, momentum for the restoration of Kakegawa Castle grew. Then, in April 1994 (Heisei 6), the Kakegawa Castle keep was restored as Japan’s first full-fledged wooden keep. This restoration project was groundbreaking in that it used traditional wooden construction techniques rather than reinforced concrete.
In the restoration, the aim was to reproduce the castle as faithfully as possible, referencing remaining documents, drawings, and contemporary castle architecture. While complying with modern building codes, this restored keep, which made maximum use of traditional construction methods, is highly regarded as a successful example of achieving both cultural property preservation and tourism promotion.
Kakegawa Castle Keep | The Charm of Japan’s First Full-Scale Wooden Reconstruction
Features of the Wooden Reconstruction Keep
Kakegawa Castle Keep is a beautiful three-story, four-tiered structure approximately 20 meters tall. Its most notable feature is that it was the first full-scale wooden reconstruction in Japan. In castle reconstruction, where reinforced concrete construction was the norm, this wooden reconstruction using traditional methods was a groundbreaking endeavor.
Upon entering the keep, you can feel the scent and warmth of wood. Thick timbers are used for the pillars and beams, and traditional construction methods that minimize the use of nails are employed. The staircase is steep, allowing you to experience the characteristics of castle architecture from that era.
View from the Keep
From the top floor of Kakegawa Castle Keep, a magnificent panoramic view of Kakegawa city unfolds. On clear days, you can even see Mount Fuji in the distance, giving you a real sense of the importance of its location as a key point on the Tokaido road. The scenery changes beautifully with the seasons; in spring, you can enjoy the cherry blossoms in the surrounding area, and in winter, the snow-covered Mount Fuji. You can enjoy different views depending on the time of year you visit.
Exhibition Contents
Inside the castle tower, there are exhibits on the history of Kakegawa Castle and its restoration process. Documents from the time of Yamauchi Kazutoyo, models showing the changes in the castle’s layout, and photographs of the restoration work are on display, providing a deep understanding of Kakegawa Castle’s history.
Kakegawa Castle Palace | A Valuable Existing Building
Value as a Nationally Designated Important Cultural Property
Kakegawa Castle Palace is one of the few castle palaces still existing in Japan. Along with Nijo Castle in Kyoto, Kawagoe Castle, and Kochi Castle, it is designated as a Nationally Important Cultural Property as an existing palace. Rebuilt after the Ansei Great Earthquake of 1854, it is a valuable building that conveys the architectural style of the late Edo period.
Structure and Highlights of the Palace
Kakegawa Castle Palace is a building used as the official residence of the feudal lord, and is a dignified example of shoin-zukuri architecture. The tatami-floored rooms are lined up, and decorations reflecting the aesthetic sensibilities of the Edo period can be seen throughout, such as sliding screen paintings and transom carvings.
Particularly noteworthy is the difference in formality of each room according to its purpose. The upper room where the feudal lord received audiences, the room used for meetings with retainers, and the living quarters—each space allows us to imagine how it was used at the time.
Exhibits Inside the Palace
Inside the palace, there are exhibits introducing the life of a daimyo (feudal lord) during the Edo period. Replicas of furnishings used at the time and documents related to the domain’s administration are on display, deepening our understanding of the history.
Ninomaru Tea Room | An Elegant Tea Ceremony Space
Within the grounds of Kakegawa Castle is the Ninomaru Tea Room. This tea room is an elegant space that utilizes the historical atmosphere of Kakegawa Castle, and it is a facility where you can actually enjoy tea.
From the tea room, you can enjoy a view of Kakegawa Castle’s keep and spend a relaxing time while savoring matcha tea and Japanese sweets. It’s a popular rest stop for castle sightseeing and a valuable place to experience traditional Japanese culture.
Takenomaru | A facility preserving the atmosphere of a samurai residence
Takenomaru is a facility related to Kakegawa Castle. Located southeast of Kakegawa Castle, this samurai residence preserves the architectural style of the late Edo period. Visiting it together with Kakegawa Castle allows you to understand not only the castle itself but also the living space of samurai during that time.
Takenomaru has been used for various purposes since the Meiji era, but is now open to the public and preserved as a historical building. The garden is also beautiful, allowing visitors to enjoy plants of all seasons.
Kakegawa Castle Highlights | Detailed Tourist Spot Information
Otemon Gate and Castle Remains
Around the Otemon Gate, the entrance to Kakegawa Castle, castle remains such as stone walls and moats remain. These remains are important historical documents showcasing castle construction techniques from the Sengoku period to the Edo period. In particular, the differences in stonework techniques across different eras are evident, making them a must-see for castle enthusiasts.
Kakegawa Castle as a Cherry Blossom Spot
Approximately 130 cherry trees, including Shikizakura, Somei Yoshino, and weeping cherry trees, are planted around Kakegawa Castle, making it a popular cherry blossom viewing spot in spring. The contrast between the castle tower and the cherry blossoms is breathtaking, and it’s a popular photo spot.
During the cherry blossom season, the castle is illuminated at night, allowing visitors to enjoy the magical sight of the cherry blossoms and castle tower at night.
Ninja Day Event
Kakegawa Castle holds special events on the first and third Sundays of each month, designated as “Ninja Day.” Popular programs for families are available, including ninja experiences for children and commemorative photos in ninja costumes.
Detailed Information | Admission Fees, Opening Hours, and Access
Admission Fees
Admission fees for Kakegawa Castle are as follows:
- Kakegawa Castle Keep & Palace Set Ticket: Adults 410 yen, Elementary & Junior High School Students 150 yen
- Kakegawa Castle, Ninomaru Teahouse & Takenomaru Set Ticket: Adults 510 yen, Elementary & Junior High School Students 200 yen
Group discounts and annual passes are also available, offering savings for multiple visits.
Opening Hours & Closing Days
- Opening Hours: 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM (Last entry 4:30 PM)
- Closing Days: Open year-round (However, temporary closures may occur)
*Opening hours may change depending on the season and events, so it is recommended to check the official website for the latest information before visiting.
Access Information
Access by Train:
- Approximately 7 minutes on foot from JR Tokaido Main Line “Kakegawa Station”
- Exit the north exit of Kakegawa Station and proceed straight towards Kakegawa Castle to arrive.
Access by Car:
- Approximately 5 minutes from Tomei Expressway “Kakegawa IC”
- Approximately 10 minutes from Shin-Tomei Expressway “Mori-Kakegawa IC”
Parking:
- Kakegawa Castle Park Parking: 58 spaces (paid)
- Otemon Parking: 200 spaces (paid)
- Several paid parking lots are available in the surrounding area.
Parking fees are approximately 100 yen per hour, making it a convenient location for sightseeing.
Tourist Attractions Around Kakegawa Castle
Kakegawa Kachoen (Kakegawa Flower and Bird Park)
Located about 10 minutes by car from Kakegawa Castle, Kakegawa Kachoen is a popular facility where you can interact with various birds. Many tourists visit it in conjunction with Kakegawa Castle, making it a recommended course for enjoying Kakegawa in a full day.
Shiseido Art House & Corporate Museum
Kakegawa City is home to a Shiseido factory, and within its grounds is the Art House and Corporate Museum. This facility showcases artwork and offers a glimpse into Shiseido’s history. Admission is free.
Exploring Kakegawa City
The castle town centered around Kakegawa Castle retains historical buildings and shopping streets. Enjoying a leisurely stroll while browsing local cuisine and souvenir shops is one way to appreciate the area.
How to Enjoy Kakegawa Castle | Seasonal Recommendations
Spring (March-May)
Spring is cherry blossom season. Kakegawa Castle, with its approximately 130 cherry trees in full bloom, is at its most magnificent during this time. A cherry blossom festival is held, and the cherry blossoms are illuminated at night. The collaboration of the castle tower and cherry blossoms is a must-see.
Summer (June-August)
Summer is a beautiful season with lush greenery, and the view from the castle tower is refreshing. Enjoying a refreshing cup of cold matcha tea in the Ninomaru Tea Room is highly recommended.
Autumn (September-November)
During the autumn foliage season, the trees surrounding the castle change color, creating a beautiful landscape in harmony with the castle tower. On clear autumn days, Mount Fuji is often clearly visible from the castle tower, making it an excellent day for photography.
Winter (December-February)
Kakegawa Castle, viewed in the crisp winter air, possesses a dignified beauty. On some days, snow-covered Mount Fuji can be seen from the castle tower, offering a fantastical view.
Kakegawa Castle Photo Spots
Classic Angles
The classic photo spot for Kakegawa Castle is the angle looking up at the castle tower from the Otemon Gate. The stone walls and castle tower are captured together, creating a composition that conveys the majesty of the castle.
Collaboration of Cherry Blossoms and the Castle Tower
During the spring cherry blossom season, photographing the castle tower with the cherry blossoms in the foreground is highly recommended. The combination of weeping cherry blossoms and the castle tower, in particular, creates an elegant Japanese landscape.
Night View & Illumination
Kakegawa Castle, illuminated at night, exudes a different, more fantastical atmosphere than during the day. The illumination during cherry blossom season is especially popular, attracting many photographers.
Points to Note When Visiting Kakegawa Castle
About the Castle Tower Stairs
The stairs in Kakegawa Castle’s castle tower are steep, recreating the style of the time. Particular caution is needed when descending, and it is recommended to wear comfortable clothing and shoes. Small children and those with mobility issues should firmly hold onto the handrail when ascending and descending.
Estimated Time Required
If you plan to thoroughly explore Kakegawa Castle’s castle tower and palace, the estimated time required is approximately 1 to 1.5 hours. If you also plan to visit the Ninomaru Tea House and Takenomaru, it is advisable to allow 2 to 3 hours.
Regarding Photography
Photography is generally permitted inside the castle tower and palace, but there may be restrictions on the use of flash and tripods. Please also be considerate of other visitors.
Summary | Enjoy the Charms of Kakegawa Castle
Kakegawa Castle is a nationally valuable castle, boasting Japan’s first fully reconstructed wooden castle tower and a palace designated as a National Important Cultural Property. From its construction in the Muromachi period to its restoration by Yamauchi Kazutoyo, damage in the Ansei Great Earthquake, and its restoration in the Heisei era, this castle has a long history, possessing both beauty and historical value worthy of the title of “Famous Castle of the Tokai Region.”
Its convenient location, just a 7-minute walk from Kakegawa Station, is also a major attraction, making it an ideal stopover when traveling along the Tokaido Road. Kakegawa Castle offers a variety of ways to enjoy yourself, from the views from the castle tower and historical experiences in the palace to a cup of tea in the Ninomaru tea room and the beauty of nature throughout the seasons. When visiting Shizuoka Prefecture, be sure to stop by.
Kakegawa Castle is not merely a tourist attraction, but an important cultural property that preserves the history and techniques of Japanese castle architecture for future generations. By visiting, you can experience a part of Japanese history, which spans from the Sengoku period to the present day, and feel the wisdom and skills of our ancestors. We hope that your experience at Kakegawa Castle will serve as an opportunity to deepen your understanding of Japanese history and culture.
