Complete Guide to Nishio Castle: The History of a 60,000-Koku Castle Town and the Highlights of the Restored Turrets and Gates
Nishio Castle, located in Kinjo-cho, Nishio City, Aichi Prefecture, is a flatland castle that functioned as an important base in the Mikawa region from the Kamakura period to the Edo period. Currently, it is maintained as Nishio City Historical Park, and the restored turrets and gates convey its former grandeur. This article provides a detailed explanation of Nishio Castle, from its history to the facilities that can be visited today.
History of Nishio Castle: From Saijo Castle to a 60,000-Koku Castle Town
Kamakura Period: Construction of Saijo Castle by Ashikaga Yoshiuji
The history of Nishio Castle dates back to the Jokyu War (1221). It is believed that Ashikaga Yoshiuji, who was appointed governor of Mikawa Province for his military achievements in this war, built Saijo Castle, marking the beginning of the castle’s history. This fact is recorded in the “Nishio Castle Memorandum,” which is an important historical document showing the origins of Nishio Castle.
During the time of Ashikaga Yoshiuji’s son, Nagauji, the family adopted the name Kira. The Kira clan held significant influence throughout the Muromachi period as a branch of the Ashikaga shogunate and reigned as a powerful samurai family in this region. Saijo Castle served as the Kira clan’s base and played a political and military role in the Mikawa region.
Sengoku Period: From Imagawa to Tokugawa
At the start of the Sengoku period, Nishio Castle came under the control of the Imagawa clan. However, the situation changed dramatically when Imagawa Yoshimoto was defeated by Oda Nobunaga at the Battle of Okehazama in 1560. Tokugawa Ieyasu (then Matsudaira Motoyasu), who had been a hostage of the Imagawa, was released and set out to recapture Mikawa Province.
Ieyasu ordered his retainer, Sakai Masachika, to capture Nishio Castle, which was under Imagawa control. Sakai Masachika became the lord of Nishio Castle and renovated it, making it one of the Tokugawa clan’s bases for controlling Mikawa Province.
Edo Period: Major Renovation by Sakai Shigetada and the Castle of a 60,000 Koku Domain
In 1585, by order of Tokugawa Ieyasu, Sakai Shigetada, son of Sakai Masachika, carried out a major renovation of Nishio Castle. This renovation gave Nishio Castle the appearance of a modern castle. It is said that Ieyasu himself named it “Tsuru-jo” (Crane Castle), indicating its importance to the Tokugawa family.
Throughout the Edo period, Nishio Castle functioned as the administrative center of the 60,000 Koku Nishio Domain. Powerful daimyo such as Makino Narisada, Sakai Masachika, and Tanaka Yoshimasa served as lords of the castle, and the castle town flourished greatly. Nishio became known as a production area for matcha green tea, and its castle town culture flourished.
Castle Structure: Characteristics of a Terraced Hill Castle
According to records from 1657, Nishio Castle was constructed as a terraced hill castle. The castle grounds were arranged from southwest to northeast as follows: Honmaru (main keep), Ninomaru (second enclosure), Hime-no-maru (princess enclosure), Kita-no-maru (north enclosure), Higashi-no-maru (east enclosure), and San-no-maru (third enclosure), surrounded by a comprehensive defensive structure.
The Honmaru had a three-story turret and three two-story turrets, while the Ninomaru had one two-story turret. Particularly noteworthy is the complex, three-story, four-tiered watchtower-type keep built in the southeast corner. Furthermore, two two-story turrets were positioned in each of the Kita-no-maru, Higashi-no-maru, and San-no-maru, creating a robust defensive system.
A moat surrounded the castle, utilizing the natural terrain for its defense. This structure can be said to represent the pinnacle of castle-building technology from the Sengoku period to the early Edo period.
After the Meiji Restoration: Castle Dismantling and Transformation into a Historical Park
After the Meiji Restoration, many of the buildings of Nishio Castle were demolished due to the castle demolition decree. The castle site was used for schools and public facilities, and its former appearance was lost. However, the main keep, its moat, and part of the second bailey remained and were preserved as valuable historical heritage.
In the Heisei era, Nishio City proceeded with a plan to develop the castle site into a historical park. In 1996, the Ushitora turret and the Suzuishi Gate of the main keep were restored, and in 2020, the Ushitora turret and earthen wall of the second bailey were restored. Development continues today, with the castle tower base and the folding screen-style earthen wall also being restored, conveying the grandeur of the former 60,000-koku castle town.
Highlights of Nishio City Historical Park
Honmaru Ushitora Turret: A Restored Three-Story Turret
The Honmaru Ushitora Turret (Honmaru Ushitora Yagura) is a three-story turret restored in 1996. Its name comes from its location in the northeast (Ushitora direction) of the main enclosure.
The turret was restored using wood, faithfully reproducing the architectural techniques of the time. The contrast between the white walls and black tiles is beautiful, and its reflection in the surrounding moat makes it a popular photo spot. The interior is open to the public, allowing visitors to observe the structure of the castle architecture up close.
From the turret, you can enjoy a panoramic view of Nishio city, imagining the view the former castle lords had as they looked out over the town. The exhibition space displays materials and models related to the history of Nishio Castle, allowing visitors to learn about the castle’s transformations.
Chūjakumon Gate: The Main Gate of the Second Bailey
The Chūjakumon Gate was restored at the same time as the Honmaru Ushitora Turret as the main gate of the second bailey. “Chūjaku” refers to brass, and it is believed that the gate was named after the brass used in its decorative metalwork.
With its imposing Korean-style gate design, and white walls lining both sides, it exudes the dignity of a castle. Passing through the gate opens the path to the Honmaru, allowing visitors to experience the original route to the castle.
The area around the Chūjakumon Gate is also known as a famous cherry blossom viewing spot, and in spring it is bustling with many flower viewers. The contrast between the white walls and the pink cherry blossoms is a representative spring scene of Nishio City.
Ninomaru Plaza and Tenshudai (Castle Tower Base)
Ninomaru Plaza is an open space developed on the site where the second bailey once stood. The plaza features a restored castle tower base, allowing visitors to imagine the former glory of the three-story, four-tiered castle tower that once stood here.
The castle tower base is constructed of stone walls, and its scale suggests that Nishio Castle’s tower was quite magnificent. Visitors can climb to the base and enjoy panoramic views of the entire historical park.
Ninomaru Plaza is also used as a place of relaxation for citizens and as a venue for events and gatherings. Information boards are installed around the plaza, allowing visitors to learn more about the castle’s history and structure.
Ninomaru Ushitora Turret and Earthen Wall: Reconstruction in the Reiwa Era
Reconstructed in 2020 (Reiwa 2), the Ninomaru Ushitora Turret and earthen wall are the latest highlights of Nishio City Historical Park. This structure, restored as a two-story turret, is located in the northeast corner of Ninomaru.
The earthen wall has been restored in a folded shape known as a screen-fold, showcasing its defensive features. The beautiful white plaster finish is a revival of the craftsmanship of the time.
Visiting both the Ninomaru Ushitora Turret and the Honmaru Ushitora Turret together provides a deeper understanding of the placement and role of turrets within a castle. The restoration process and the techniques used can also be learned about through the on-site exhibits.
Former Konoe Residence: The Beauty of a Sukiya-Style House
The Former Konoe Residence is a sukiya-style house relocated from Kyoto. Originally built as a villa for the Konoe family, who served the Kyoto Imperial Palace, it was acquired by Nishio City and relocated and restored within the historical park.
The building’s elegant design, a blend of shoin-zukuri and sukiya-zukuri styles, is a valuable architectural example that conveys the aristocratic culture of Kyoto. The interior is open to visitors, allowing them to appreciate the design of features such as the tokonoma (alcove), chigaidana (tiered shelves), and ranma (transoms).
The garden of the former Konoe Residence has been developed as a “Camellia Garden,” planted with various varieties of camellias. During the camellia blooming season, visitors can enjoy the elegant scenery where the building and garden are integrated. A tea room is also provided, making it a place for cultural experiences befitting Nishio, a region known for its matcha green tea.
Shokoso: A Famous Kyoto-Style Garden
Shokoso is a villa built during the Taisho era by Nishio businessman Akisaburo Iwasaki. Its beautiful Kyoto-style strolling garden is designated a nationally registered monument.
The garden is a pond-centered strolling garden, allowing visitors to enjoy the scenery of each season. The stone arrangements and plantings were created by Kyoto gardeners, making it a precious space where one can experience the atmosphere of Kyoto while in Nishio.
The building is built in the sukiya style, and the tea room and tatami rooms offer spectacular views of the garden. Shokoso regularly hosts tea ceremonies and cultural events, functioning as a hub for cultural dissemination in Nishio.
Matcha Lab Nishio Densou Chaya Store: Experiencing Matcha Culture
Located within Nishio City Historical Park, “Matcha Lab Nishio Densou Chaya Store” offers a variety of products made with matcha, a specialty of Nishio.
Nishio City is known as one of Japan’s leading matcha producing regions, producing high-quality matcha. The store offers matcha-based sweets and drinks, making it an ideal rest stop during a castle tour.
In addition to standard items such as matcha soft serve ice cream and matcha lattes, seasonal items are also available. A wide selection of matcha products are available as souvenirs, allowing you to take home a piece of Nishio’s matcha culture.
Access Information
Access by Public Transportation
Train
- Get off at Nishio Station on the Meitetsu Nishio Line, approximately 15 minutes on foot.
- Take the Rokumangoku Kururin Bus (clockwise) from Nishio Station and get off at “Rekishi Koen Higashi” (Historical Park East) bus stop.
Bus
- Get off at Nishio City Hall bus stop on the Meitetsu Bus Teratsu Yada Line, approximately 5 minutes on foot.
Access by Car
- Approximately 30 minutes from Okazaki IC on the Tomei Expressway via National Route 248.
- Approximately 10 minutes from Nishio Higashi IC on National Route 23.
Parking
- Nishio City Historical Park Parking Lot (Free)
- Capacity: Approximately 50 cars
- Address: 231-1 Kinjo-cho, Nishio City, Aichi Prefecture
The parking lot is adjacent to the historical park and is a short walk away. It may be crowded on weekends, holidays, and during cherry blossom season, so please consider using public transportation.
Opening Hours and Admission Fees
Opening Hours
- 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM (Honmaru Ushitora Turret, Ninomaru Ushitora Turret)
- Former Konoe Residence and Shokoso: Hours vary by facility
Closed Days
- Mondays (or the following weekday if Monday is a public holiday)
- New Year’s Holidays (December 29th – January 3rd)
Admission Fees
- Free (excluding some facilities)
- Former Konoe Residence: Adults 100 yen, Elementary and Junior High School Students 50 yen
- Shokoso: Adults 100 yen, Elementary and Junior High School Students 50 yen
Castle Stamps and Souvenirs
How to Obtain Castle Stamps
Nishio Castle stamps can be purchased at the information center within Nishio City Historical Park and the Nishio Tourist Information Center. The design features the distinctive buildings of Nishio Castle and is a popular souvenir for castle tours.
In addition to the regular version, castle stamps are sometimes issued with seasonal or special designs. They cost around 300 yen each and are popular collector’s items for castle enthusiasts.
Other Souvenirs
The shop within the historical park sells souvenirs featuring Nishio Castle. A variety of goods are available, including postcards, clear files, and hand towels, making them perfect souvenirs.
Particularly popular are original goods featuring designs of Nishio Castle’s turrets and products using matcha, a specialty of Nishio. Local traditional crafts are also available, offering a selection of items that reflect Nishio’s culture.
Nearby Tourist Attractions
Nishio City Museum
Adjacent to Nishio City Historical Park, the Nishio City Museum exhibits materials related to Nishio Castle and the Nishio Domain. Models of the castle, ancient documents, and armor are on display, allowing visitors to learn more about the history of Nishio Castle.
Nishio’s Matcha Fields
Nishio City is home to numerous matcha-producing areas, offering beautiful tea plantation scenery. Especially during the new tea season, the vast expanse of green tea fields is stunning, allowing visitors to enjoy a unique Nishio landscape.
Historical Sites Associated with the Kira Clan
Nishio City is dotted with historical sites associated with the Kira clan, who built Saijo Castle, the predecessor of Nishio Castle. Visitors can explore spots that evoke the history of the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, such as the Kira clan’s family temple and residence ruins.
Points to Note When Visiting Nishio Castle
Estimated Visiting Time
To thoroughly explore the entire Nishio City Historical Park, allow approximately 2-3 hours. Visiting only the Honmaru Ushitora Turret and the Suzuishi Gate takes about 1 hour, while including the former Konoe Residence and Shokoso requires 2 hours or more.
Best Season
Nishio Castle can be enjoyed throughout the year, but the following times are particularly recommended:
Spring (Late March – Early April)
- Cherry blossoms are in full bloom, creating a beautiful contrast between the white walls of the turrets and gates and the blossoms.
- Nighttime illuminations are sometimes held.
Early Summer (May)
- The fresh greenery is beautiful, making it ideal for strolling through the gardens.
- The weather is mild and pleasant for sightseeing.
Autumn (November)
- The autumn leaves are beautiful, especially the gardens of Shokoso.
- It is also the season for new matcha tea.
Photo Spots
The following are recommended photo spots at Nishio Castle.
- The Ushitora Turret of the Main Keep Across the Moat: The reflection of the turret on the water’s surface is beautiful.
- The Brass Stone Gate and Cherry Blossoms: A classic spring photo spot.
- View from the Castle Tower Base: A panoramic view of the entire historical park.
- The Garden of the Former Konoe Residence: Enjoy the scenery of each season.
- The Ushitora Turret and Earthen Wall of the Second Bailey: The beauty of the restored castle architecture.
Summary: Experience History and Culture at Nishio Castle
Nishio Castle is a castle with a history spanning approximately 600 years, from the Kamakura period to the Edo period. Currently, it is maintained as Nishio City Historical Park, and the restored turrets, gates, and relocated historical buildings convey the grandeur of the former 60,000-koku castle town.
The restored structures, such as the Honmaru Ushitora Turret, the Suzuishi Gate, and the Ninomaru Ushitora Turret, faithfully reproduce the architectural techniques of the time, allowing visitors to observe the beauty and functionality of castle architecture up close. At the former Konoe Residence and Shokoso, visitors can experience Kyoto’s aristocratic culture and garden culture, creating a luxurious space where diverse historical and cultural experiences can be enjoyed all at once.
Nishio City is also famous as a matcha (green tea) producing area, and visitors can enjoy matcha culture in conjunction with their castle visit. At the Matcha Lab within the historical park, visitors can savor sweets and drinks made with authentic matcha, offering a unique Nishio experience.
Access is excellent, within walking distance of Nishio Station on the Meitetsu Nishio Line, and parking is available for those traveling by car, making it easily accessible. Castle stamps are also available, making it a perfect memento of your castle tour.
Nishio Castle is a tourist spot that can be enjoyed by a wide range of people, including history buffs, families, couples, and photography enthusiasts. Please come and experience the beautiful scenery that changes with the seasons and the story woven from 600 years of history.
