Noda Castle (Shinshiro City, Aichi Prefecture) Complete Guide: The Last Stand of Takeda Shingen and the History of the Suganuma Clan
Noda Castle is a Sengoku period hilltop castle located in Toyoshima, Shinshiro City, Aichi Prefecture. Also known as “Negoya Castle” and “Mikawa Noda Castle,” it is famous for the legend that Takeda Shingen was shot there. This article comprehensively introduces information you should know before visiting Noda Castle, including its history, structure, highlights, and access methods.
Location and Geographical Characteristics of Noda Castle
Noda Castle is located in Ryuya, Toyoshima, Shinshiro City, Aichi Prefecture, built on a river terrace on the north side of the middle reaches of the Toyokawa River. The castle sits on a tongue-shaped plateau approximately 18 meters high, sandwiched between the Tonoda River and the Sugikawa River, taking advantage of its natural fortifications.
The current site of Noda Castle is within the grounds of Hoshoji Temple, approximately a 15-minute walk from Nodajo Station on the JR Iida Line. The station name originates from the castle’s name, reflecting the historical importance of Noda Castle in this region. It’s also relatively easily accessible, about a 20-minute drive from the Shinshiro Interchange on the Shin-Tomei Expressway.
History of Noda Castle: From the Suganuma Clan to its Abandonment
Construction and the Suganuma Clan’s Rule
There are various theories regarding the construction date of Noda Castle, but it is generally believed to have been built in either 1505 (Eisho 2) or 1516 (Eisho 13) by Suganuma Sadanori, a member of the Mikawa Suganuma clan who held power in the Okumikawa region. Suganuma Sadanori was the first head of the Noda Suganuma clan, and by establishing a base in this area, he controlled a strategic point in the Toyokawa River basin.
The Suganuma clan was a powerful local lord in Mikawa Province, controlling the surrounding area centered around Noda Castle. Amidst the complex political situation of the Sengoku period, the Suganuma clan strived to maintain their unique position among powerful daimyo such as the Imagawa, Tokugawa, and Takeda clans. ### Relationship with the Imagawa Clan and Subservience to the Tokugawa Clan
In the early Sengoku period, eastern Mikawa, including Noda Castle, was within the sphere of influence of the Imagawa clan, and the Suganuma clan was also subordinate to the Imagawa. However, when Imagawa Yoshimoto was killed by Oda Nobunaga at the Battle of Okehazama in 1560, the situation in Mikawa changed dramatically.
When Tokugawa Ieyasu (then Matsudaira Motoyasu) declared independence from the Imagawa clan, the Suganuma clan gradually moved closer to the Tokugawa. Suganuma Sadamitsu, the lord of Noda Castle, became a vassal of Tokugawa Ieyasu. This choice would later lead to the Battle of Noda Castle.
The Battle of Noda Castle in 1573
The Battle of Noda Castle, which took place from January to February of 1573, is the most historically significant event involving Noda Castle. This battle took place between the Takeda army, led by Takeda Shingen, and Noda Castle, defended by Suganuma Sadamitsu and held by the Tokugawa forces.
As part of his westward campaign, Takeda Shingen invaded Mikawa Province, threatening Tokugawa Ieyasu’s territory. In December of the third year of the Genki era (1572), Shingen defeated the Tokugawa-Oda allied forces at the Battle of Mikatagahara, and continued his conquest of eastern Mikawa. One of his targets was Noda Castle.
Noda Castle was defended by only about 500 soldiers, including Suganuma Sadamitsu, but they withstood the Takeda army’s fierce attacks for about a month. However, ultimately, they were forced to surrender due to the overwhelming difference in troop numbers.
The Legend of the Takeda Shingen Assassination Attack
The most famous anecdote surrounding the siege of Noda Castle is the legend of the Takeda Shingen assassination attempt. According to legend, while Takeda Shingen was besieging Noda Castle, he was engrossed in listening to the sound of a flute coming from inside the castle when he was shot by Torii Suneemon or another sniper within the castle.
It is said that this wound was fatal, and Shingen died on his way back. However, there is also a strong theory that Shingen died of illness, and it has not been historically confirmed whether the assassination at Noda Castle was the direct cause of his death. Nevertheless, this legend is an indispensable element when discussing Noda Castle.
After the Tensho Period and the Castle’s Abandonment
After the Battle of Noda Castle, the castle returned to Tokugawa control. Following the Takeda clan’s crushing defeat at the Battle of Nagashino in 1575, the Tokugawa clan’s control over Mikawa became firmly established.
The Suganuma clan served as vassals of Tokugawa Ieyasu and were active in various locations, but in 1590, with the transfer of the castle lord, Noda Castle was abandoned. Having existed for approximately 75 years since its construction, Noda Castle’s historical role came to an end.
Structure and Layout of Noda Castle
Basic Structure
Noda Castle was a flatland castle utilizing the river terrace of the Toyokawa River, measuring approximately 200 meters east-west and 150 meters north-south. Taking advantage of the tongue-shaped plateau topography, it featured a structure with multiple baileys arranged around the main bailey.
The castle’s defenses combined natural terrain with artificial civil engineering works. The north and east sides were protected by natural moats formed by the Tonoda River and Sugikawa River, while the west and south sides were fortified with dry moats and earthworks.
Main Bailey and Bailey Layout
The main bailey, the central part of the castle, is believed to have been located near the present-day main hall of Hoshoji Temple. The main enclosure was surrounded by the second and third enclosures, forming a stepped layout.
A large dry moat was constructed on the west side of the main enclosure, and its size can still be seen from the topography today. This dry moat reached approximately 10 meters in width and 5 meters in depth in some places, serving as a crucial defensive feature of the castle.
Earthworks and Earthen Bridges
Among the remains of Noda Castle that can still be seen today are the earthworks surrounding each enclosure. In particular, the earthworks around the main enclosure remain at a height of about 2-3 meters, giving a glimpse into the castle’s structure at the time.
Earthen bridges crossing the dry moats were also an important structural element. These bridges were constructed by piling up earth to create pathways without filling in the moats, and they served to restrict enemy intrusion. It is believed that earthen bridges were located at the entrances to the main enclosure of Noda Castle.
Entrance Gates and Defensive Structures
The entrance gates to the castle, known as “koguchi,” had complex structures to prevent enemy intrusion. It is possible that techniques such as staggered gates and square-shaped gates were used at Noda Castle.
Furthermore, the remains of a well have been confirmed within the castle grounds, indicating ingenuity in securing a water source in preparation for a siege. It is thought that these preparations were the reason the castle was able to withstand the siege for about a month in 1573 (Genki 4).
Highlights and Remains of Noda Castle
Current Status of Hoshoji Temple and the Castle Ruins
Currently, most of the Noda Castle ruins are within the grounds of Hoshoji Temple. Many of the remains have been altered due to the temple’s conversion, but careful observation will allow you to identify castle remains.
Around the main hall of Hoshoji Temple, the topography of the former main enclosure remains, indicating that the flat area, slightly higher than the surrounding area, was the center of the castle. When walking around the temple grounds, paying attention to the elevation differences will make it easier to understand the castle’s structure.
Remains of the Dry Moat
The most impressive remains of Noda Castle are the large dry moat remains on the west side. Although parts have been filled in or altered, the scale of the castle can still be appreciated.
The dry moat was constructed to separate the main enclosure from the western enclosure, functioning as a deep and wide trench. The difference in elevation from the bottom of the moat to the top of the earthworks speaks to the advanced castle-building techniques of the time.
Remaining Earthworks
Parts of the earthworks remain in various places within the grounds of Hoshoji Temple. The earthworks on the north and west sides, in particular, are preserved in relatively good condition, with earthworks approximately 2-3 meters high visible.
Walking along the top of the earthworks allows you to experience the panoramic view of the castle and the positional relationship used to monitor enemy incursions. However, since this is private property and temple grounds, respectful etiquette is required when visiting.
Terrain of the Enclosures
Looking at the entire castle site from above, you can discern the stepped terrain of the enclosures. The terrain, which gradually slopes downwards from the main enclosure, indicates a functional differentiation between defensive and residential spaces.
The locations of the second and third baileys can be estimated to some extent from the current topography and road layout. Those familiar with castles can enjoy reconstructing the castle’s layout by observing the local terrain.
Information Boards and Explanations
At the Noda Castle ruins, there are information boards installed by Shinshiro City that explain the castle’s history and structure. These boards are located near the entrance to Hoshoji Temple and help visitors understand the castle’s overview.
The information boards include a map of Noda Castle’s layout and historical context. Comparing this with the local topography during your visit will lead to a deeper understanding.
Access to Noda Castle
Access by Public Transportation
The nearest station to the Noda Castle ruins is Noda-jo Station on the JR Iida Line. The station name is derived from the castle’s name, making it very easy to find.
The castle ruins are approximately a 15-minute walk from Noda-jo Station. The route involves exiting the station, heading north, crossing the Toyokawa River, and climbing up to the plateau. Guide signs are installed along the way, so you are unlikely to get lost even on your first visit.
The JR Iida Line has limited service, so it is recommended to check the timetable in advance. If you board from Shinshiro Station or Toyohashi Station, there are approximately 1-2 trains per hour.
Access by Car
The nearest access point by car is the Shinshiro Interchange on the Shin-Tomei Expressway. From the interchange to Noda Castle Ruins is about 20 minutes, and the most common route is via National Route 151.
There is parking space for visitors at Hoshoji Temple, but the number of spaces is limited, so caution is advised during busy times. Also, since it is within the temple grounds, consideration is required when parking.
If using a car navigation system, you can set your destination by searching for “Hoshoji Temple” or “Noda Castle Ruins.” The address is “Ryutani, Toyoshima, Shinshiro City, Aichi Prefecture.”
Nearby Parking Information
There is no large-scale parking lot specifically for Noda Castle Ruins, but you can use the visitor parking space at Hoshoji Temple. However, since this is a temple facility, long-term parking and parking of large vehicles should be avoided.
There are only a few parking spaces in front of Noda Castle Station, and public parking is limited. If you plan to combine a visit to the castle ruins with sightseeing in Shinshiro city center, it is worth considering using parking near Shinshiro Station and traveling by train.
Tourist Spots Around Noda Castle
Nagashino Castle Ruins
Located approximately 10 kilometers northeast of Noda Castle are the ruins of Nagashino Castle. This castle, famous for the Battle of Nagashino in 1575, is known as the site of a fierce battle between the Takeda clan and the Tokugawa-Oda allied forces.
The Nagashino Castle Ruins have a historical site preservation museum with detailed exhibits on the Battle of Nagashino. Visiting both Noda Castle and Nagashino Castle will allow you to understand the historical flow from Takeda Shingen’s invasion of Mikawa to the Battle of Nagashino.
Shinshiro Castle (Shinshiro Jinya)
In the center of Shinshiro city are the ruins of Shinshiro Castle (Shinshiro Jinya) from the Edo period. This castle dates from a later period than Noda Castle and served as a base for the Tokugawa shogunate’s control of Mikawa Province.
Currently, it is maintained as the Shinshiro City Hall and a park, and some remains such as stone walls can be seen. Visiting this Edo-period castle in contrast to the Sengoku period Noda Castle is a fascinating experience.
Shitaragahara Historical Museum
Shitaragahara, the main battlefield of the Battle of Nagashino, is home to the Shitaragahara Historical Museum. It features displays of matchlock guns and detailed materials related to the Battle of Nagashino and Shitaragahara, allowing visitors to deeply learn about Sengoku period battles.
You can also trace the historical flow centered on firearms, from the legend of Takeda Shingen’s assassination at Noda Castle to the development of firearm tactics at Nagashino.
Horaiji Mountain
For those who want to enjoy nature and history, Horaiji Mountain is also recommended. Located in the northern part of Shinshiro City, this mountain is home to Horaiji Temple, which has a legend related to the birthplace of Tokugawa Ieyasu, and is famous for its 1,425 stone steps leading up to the temple. A visit to Noda Castle can be combined with a day trip to fully enjoy the nature, history, and culture of Higashi-Mikawa.
Best Season and Time Required for Visiting Noda Castle
Recommended Time to Visit
While Noda Castle ruins are accessible year-round, the most comfortable times to visit are spring (March-May) and autumn (October-November). The mild weather during these periods is ideal for observing the castle’s topography and taking photographs.
In spring, the surrounding cherry blossoms bloom, and in autumn, the autumn foliage is beautiful. Especially on a clear autumn day, the view of the Toyokawa River basin from the castle ruins is magnificent, allowing you to imagine the scenery seen by the castle lords of the Sengoku period.
Summer (June-August) requires protection from the heat and insects, while winter (December-February) requires protection from the cold. However, winter also has the advantage of making the castle’s topography and remains easier to observe as the leaves have fallen from the trees.
Estimated Visiting Time
A visit to Noda Castle Ruins takes approximately 30 minutes to 1 hour if you observe carefully. You will walk around the Hoshoji Temple grounds, examining remains such as dry moats and earthworks.
Those familiar with castles or who enjoy photography are advised to spend more than 1 hour exploring. Including observation of the surrounding terrain and the approach from Noda Castle Station, the entire trip will take approximately 1.5 to 2 hours.
If you plan to visit other nearby historical sites such as Nagashino Castle Ruins or the Shitaragahara Historical Museum, it is recommended to schedule a half-day to full-day trip.
Points to Note When Visiting Noda Castle
Consideration for Being on Temple Grounds
The main part of Noda Castle Ruins is within the grounds of Hoshoji Temple, so consideration for the temple is necessary during your visit. Please be mindful of the temple and observe quietly so as not to disturb worshippers.
The area around the main hall is particularly sacred, so please do not enter areas where entry is restricted. Furthermore, when taking photographs, please be considerate and avoid including visitors or temple staff in your shots.
Safety Measures for Your Feet
The terrain of the castle ruins is undulating, so please be careful of your footing when observing the earthworks and dry moat remains. Especially after rain, the ground becomes slippery, so we recommend wearing comfortable walking shoes.
Some areas of the dry moat remains are deep, so please be careful not to fall. Parents, especially those with small children, must pay close attention.
Consideration for Private Property
Some parts of the castle ruins are on private property. Please do not enter areas marked “No Entry” or areas that are clearly private property.
Observation of the remains should be limited to public roads and areas where visits to Hoshoji Temple are permitted. If you have any questions, we recommend checking with local residents or temple staff.
Delving Deeper into the Legend of Noda Castle and Takeda Shingen
Various Theories Regarding the Assassination of Shingen
There are several different versions of the legend that Takeda Shingen was assassinated during the siege of Noda Castle. The most famous is the story that Shingen was shot with a gun while listening to the sound of a flute coming from inside the castle.
One theory attributes the assassination to a man named Torii Suneemon, but Torii Suneemon is famous for his role in the Battle of Nagashino Castle, and this theory has been questioned due to the discrepancy in time and location. Another theory suggests that Suganuma Sadamitsu himself or one of his snipers fired the shot.
Historical Debates Surrounding Shingen’s Cause of Death
Historically, the prevailing theory regarding Takeda Shingen’s cause of death is that he died of illness. Shingen had a chronic illness, and it is believed that his condition had already worsened by the time of the siege of Noda Castle.
The theory that the assassination at Noda Castle was fatal is based primarily on military chronicles and legends from the Edo period onward. While there is little historical evidence to support this, this legend undoubtedly increased the castle’s recognition and became firmly established as part of the region’s historical and cultural heritage.
Background of the Legend
The legend of the assassination of Takeda Shingen stems from the historical fact that the small Noda Castle bravely resisted the powerful Takeda army. Holding out for approximately one month with only about 500 defenders was an astonishing feat even at the time.
This courageous resistance, combined with Shingen’s immediate death, is thought to have given rise to the dramatic story of the assassination at Noda Castle. Regardless of the legend’s veracity, this story is an important element that enhances the historical value of Noda Castle.
Summary: The Historical Value and Appeal of Noda Castle
Noda Castle is an important Sengoku period castle ruin remaining in Shinshiro City, Aichi Prefecture. Built by the Suganuma clan, this castle served as a strategic point in eastern Mikawa for approximately 75 years, and is particularly etched in history for its battle against Takeda Shingen in 1573.
Although now part of the grounds of Hoshoji Temple, and much of the remains have been altered, remnants such as dry moats and earthworks still evoke the castle’s original structure. The dramatic legend of Takeda Shingen’s assassination also enhances the castle’s appeal.
With its convenient location within walking distance of Nodajo Station on the JR Iida Line, Nodajo Castle, along with other nearby historical sites such as the Nagashino Castle ruins and the Shitaragahara Historical Museum, allows visitors to experience the history of the Sengoku period, from the Takeda clan’s invasion of Mikawa to the Battle of Nagashino.
For castle enthusiasts, those interested in Sengoku period history, and those wanting to learn about the history and culture of eastern Mikawa, Nodajo Castle is a historical site well worth visiting. Amidst the beautiful natural scenery of the Toyokawa River basin, you can have a valuable experience feeling the spirit of the Sengoku period.
