Complete Guide to Karikurayama Castle (Mihama Town, Fukui Prefecture) | A Thorough Explanation of the History and Remains of the Asakura Clan’s Border Castle
What is Karikurayama Castle?
Karikurayama Castle is a Sengoku period mountain castle located in Sada, Mihama Town, Mikata District, Fukui Prefecture. Situated on the border between Echizen Province and Wakasa Province, it is known as a “border castle” built by the Asakura clan, a powerful daimyo of Echizen during the Sengoku period.
Built on a mountaintop approximately 200 meters above sea level, this castle is believed to have been constructed in 1565 (Eiroku 8) for the purpose of monitoring and keeping the Awaya clan of Yoshi Castle in Wakasa Province in check. Even today, the remains of earthworks, dry moats, and earthen bridges are well-preserved, making it a valuable historical site that conveys the appearance of a Sengoku period mountain castle.
Mihama Town in Fukui Prefecture is a scenic area facing Wakasa Bay and has long held an important position as a transportation hub between Echizen, Wakasa, and even Kyoto. Karikurayama Castle was a military base built against this backdrop of geopolitical importance.
History of Karikurayama Castle
Background of Construction and the Asakura Clan’s Strategy
The Eiroku era (1558-1570), when Karikurayama Castle was built, was a time of heightened tension between the Asakura clan, who ruled Echizen, and the Takeda clan, who ruled Wakasa. In particular, Awaya Katsuhisa (Awaya clan), based at Wakasa Kuniyoshi Castle, showed an independent stance towards the Asakura clan, posing a significant threat.
To solidify the southern border of Echizen Province, the Asakura clan positioned multiple fortresses along the ridgeline from the Tsuruga Peninsula to Mihama Town. A series of castles, including Kanayama Castle, Kakukurayama Castle, Karikurayama Castle, Nakayama Castle, and Iwadeyama Castle, stretched from east to west, forming a defensive line to prepare for invasions from the Wakasa region.
Karikurayama Castle is estimated to have been built around 1565, serving as a crucial stronghold on this defensive line. Its strategic location, directly monitoring Kuniyoshi Castle and blocking the incursion route from Wakasa to Echizen, made it a key castle in the Asakura clan’s strategy against Wakasa.
The Battle for Kuniyoshi Castle between the Asakura Clan
Awaya Katsuhisa of Kuniyoshi Castle was initially a vassal of the Wakasa Takeda clan, but gradually built his own independent power. The Asakura clan attacked Kuniyoshi Castle numerous times, but were unable to capture the formidable mountain castle.
While directly attacking Kuniyoshi Castle, the Asakura clan continued to exert pressure from surrounding fortresses, including Karikurayama Castle. From Karikurayama Castle, one could overlook the direction of Kuniyoshi Castle, and it is believed that it served to monitor enemy movements and also to cut off supply routes to Kuniyoshi Castle.
Karikurayama Castle After the Fall of the Asakura Clan
In 1573 (Tensho 1), the Asakura clan of Echizen was destroyed by Oda Nobunaga. With the fall of the Asakura clan, it is believed that Karikurayama Castle also ended its military role. Afterward, this region came under the control of the Oda clan, and eventually, after the era of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, it became part of the Obama Domain during the Edo period.
It is estimated that Karikurayama Castle was actually used for only about eight years, from its construction until the fall of the Asakura clan. However, during that short period, it played an important role as a castle symbolizing the tense border situation of the Sengoku period.
Layout and Structure of Karikurayama Castle
Single-Enclosure Mountain Castle
Karikurayama Castle is basically a single-enclosure mountain castle. It has a relatively simple structure centered around the main enclosure (honmaru), and its defensive capabilities are enhanced by cleverly utilizing the terrain of the mountaintop.
The main enclosure measures approximately 30 meters east-west and 20 meters north-south, and is surrounded by an earthen rampart. This rampart remains clearly visible even today, with a maximum height of about 1.5 meters. The interior of the main enclosure is relatively flat and leveled, suggesting the possibility that buildings once stood there.
Remains of Earthen Ramparts and Dry Moats
The greatest highlight of Karikurayama Castle is the well-preserved remains of the earthen ramparts and dry moats. The earthen ramparts surrounding the main enclosure are particularly well-preserved on the north and west sides, allowing visitors to appreciate the castle-building techniques of the Sengoku period.
The dry moats are arranged around the main enclosure, with particularly clear remains on the east and south sides. The moats are currently about 2-3 meters deep, but it is presumed that they were even deeper when the castle was built. The dry moat served to prevent enemy intrusion and also served as a site for extracting soil for constructing earthworks.
Earthen Bridge and Entrance
At the entrance to the main enclosure (koguchi), an earthen bridge crosses the dry moat. This bridge was constructed by leaving some of the moat intact and was heavily guarded as the only passage to the castle.
The earthen bridge is narrow, about 2 meters wide, making it difficult for large groups to pass. This was a defensive consideration, a design intended to prevent a large enemy army from invading all at once. The entrance area beyond the earthen bridge is also narrow, creating a double or triple defensive structure.
Arrangement of Enclosures
Several small enclosures (kuruwa) are arranged around the main enclosure. These are thought to have functioned as secondary enclosures protecting the main enclosure and may have been used as watchtowers or soldiers’ quarters.
In particular, there is a relatively large flat area below the east side of the main enclosure, which is also presumed to have been used as an enclosure. From this enclosure, one could overlook the direction of Kuniyoshi Castle, and it likely played an important role as a surveillance point.
Highlights of Karikurayama Castle
Well-Preserved Earthworks
The biggest highlight when visiting Karikurayama Castle is the earthworks, which have been remarkably well preserved from the time of its construction. The earthworks surrounding the main enclosure are still clearly visible even after more than 450 years, allowing visitors to experience the defensive structure of a mountain castle from the Sengoku period.
The earthworks on the northwest side, in particular, are remarkably well-preserved in both height and width, demonstrating the high level of castle-building technology of the time. Walking along the top of the earthworks allows one to imagine how the castle’s defenders protected the castle.
Clear Dry Moats and Earthen Bridges
The dry moats surrounding the main enclosure are also important remains of Karikurayama Castle. The dry moat on the east side, in particular, is deep, clearly demonstrating its function as a defensive structure. Walking along the bottom of the dry moat, one can appreciate its depth and steepness, realizing how difficult it would have been for the enemy to cross and attack. The earthen bridge crossing the dry moat is an important historical structure, serving as the only access route to the castle. Crossing the narrow bridge allows you to experience the castle’s structure, which was easy to defend and difficult to attack.
Location as a Border Castle
Karikurayama Castle is a “border castle” located on the border between Echizen and Wakasa provinces. From the mountaintop, you can see towards Wakasa, understanding its role as a watchtower for Kuniyoshi Castle. Furthermore, the surrounding mountains are dotted with other fortresses built by the Asakura clan, such as Kanayama Castle and Kakukurayama Castle, indicating that it was part of a border defense fortress network.
On clear days, you can even see Wakasa Bay, allowing you to relive the view seen by the castle soldiers of the Sengoku period.
Harmony with Nature
Karikurayama Castle is situated in a forest, allowing you to enjoy the beauty of nature throughout the seasons. The fresh greenery in spring and the vibrant autumn foliage are stunning, making it possible to enjoy nature walks alongside exploring the castle ruins. However, maintenance is kept to a minimum, so appropriate clothing and equipment for mountain hiking are necessary when visiting.
Access to Karikurayama Castle
Access by Public Transportation
If using JR
- Get off at JR Obama Line “Mihama Station,” approximately 40 minutes on foot
- Mihama Station is the central station of Mihama Town, Fukui Prefecture, and is accessible from Tsuruga and Obama.
- The distance from the station to the castle ruins is approximately 3 kilometers.
The Wakasa Mihama Tourism Association is located at Mihama Station, where you can obtain tourist information about Mihama Town. Rental bicycles are also available, making access to the castle ruins more convenient by bicycle.
Access by Car
If using the Hokuriku Expressway:
- Approximately 30 minutes from Tsuruga IC via National Route 27
- Follow the signs towards the Sada area of Mihama Town.
If using the Maizuru-Wakasa Expressway:
- Approximately 20 minutes from Wakasa-Mihama IC
- Take National Route 27 towards Mihama Town.
There is no dedicated parking lot for the castle ruins, but there are a few parking spaces near the trailhead. Please avoid roadside parking and be considerate of local residents.
Climbing Route
The hiking trail to the castle ruins is well-maintained, but it is a proper mountain trail. The climb from the trailhead to the main enclosure takes approximately 20-30 minutes, so the following equipment and preparations are recommended.
- Hiking boots or trekking shoes
- Comfortable clothing
- Drinking water
- Insect repellent (spring to autumn)
- Bear bell (for bear protection)
- Map or GPS device
The hiking trail is basically a single path, but there are forks in the road, so it’s a good idea to check the map beforehand.
Nearby Tourist Attractions
Kuniyoshi Castle Ruins (Sagaki Kuniyoshi Castle)
Kuniyoshi Castle, closely related to Karikurayama Castle, is a mountain castle located in Sagaki, Mihama Town. Known as an impregnable castle where Awaya Katsuhisa withstood attacks from the Asakura clan, it has been selected as one of the Continued Top 100 Japanese Castles. At the Kuniyoshi Castle Historical Museum, you can learn about castles in Wakasa, including Kuniyoshi Castle and Karikurayama Castle.
Kuniyoshi Castle Ruins are about a 15-minute drive from Karikurayama Castle, and visiting both together will give you a deeper understanding of the battles between the Asakura and Awaya clans.
Wakasa Mihama Coastline
Mihama Town is known for its beautiful coastline, including “Suishohama Beach” and “Takenami Beach.” After visiting the castle ruins, enjoying the spectacular views of Wakasa Bay is highly recommended. In summer, you can enjoy swimming, and in other seasons, you can enjoy coastal walks and fishing.
Rainbow Line Summit Park
The Mikata Five Lakes Rainbow Line, spanning Mihama Town and Wakasa Town, is a scenic drive offering panoramic views of Wakasa Bay and the Mikata Five Lakes. From the summit park, you can enjoy a 360-degree panoramic view, and on clear days, you can even see the Echizen coast.
Mihama Town Energy and Environment Education Experience Center “Kiipas”
This new tourist and educational facility in Mihama Town is an interactive facility where you can learn about energy and the environment in a fun way. It’s a recommended spot for families.
History and Culture of Mihama Town
A Key Point on the Wakasa Highway
Mihama Town has long been an important transit point on the Wakasa Highway, also known as the “Saba Kaido” (Mackerel Highway). Located on the route used to transport seafood caught in Wakasa Bay to Kyoto, it was a bustling area with a constant flow of goods and people. This geographical characteristic as a transportation hub led to its military importance during the Sengoku period (Warring States period), providing a backdrop for the construction of fortresses like Karikurayama Castle.
Border Region of Echizen and Wakasa
Mihama Town is located on the border between Echizen Province and Wakasa Province, a region where the cultures of both provinces intersected. The Seki Pass, which marks the border with Tsuruga City, historically served as the national border. The border castles, including Karikurayama Castle, are legacies that tell the story of the political and military tensions in this border region.
Precautions When Visiting Karikurayama Castle
Precautions When Climbing the Castle
- Season and Weather: Snowfall is possible in winter, making climbing the castle difficult. Spring through autumn is the best time to visit, but be aware that there are many insects in the summer, so insect repellent is necessary. Avoid visiting during or after rain, as the ground can become slippery.
- Avoid Solo Visits: It is recommended to visit with others whenever possible. Since cell phone reception is poor in some areas, inform family members or others of your plans in case of an accident.
- Wild Animals: There is a possibility of encountering bears and wild boars. Take precautions such as carrying a bear bell and making noise while walking.
- Protection of Historical Structures: Historical structures such as earthworks and dry moats are valuable cultural assets. Please refrain from climbing or digging; only observe them.
Visitor Etiquette
- Please take all your trash with you.
- Please avoid collecting or damaging plants.
- The use of fire is strictly prohibited.
- When passing through private property, please be considerate of local residents.
Research and Preservation of Karikurayama Castle
Karikurayama Castle is being investigated by local historians and castle researchers, and is recognized as an important historical site for understanding the Asakura clan’s castle network. However, its name recognition is not necessarily high, and maintenance is currently minimal.
In recent years, Mihama Town has been focusing on promoting tourism using historical heritage, and is developing castle sightseeing routes centered around Kuniyoshi Castle. It is hoped that Karikurayama Castle will become more widely known through these efforts.
Among castle enthusiasts and history lovers, its well-preserved remains and the tranquil atmosphere of the mountain castle are highly valued, and it is gradually gaining attention as a “hidden gem.”
Summary
Karikurayama Castle is a valuable Sengoku period mountain castle ruin remaining in Mihama Town, Fukui Prefecture. Built by the Echizen Asakura clan to defend the border with Wakasa, this “border castle” played a crucial role despite its short duration of only about eight years.
The well-preserved remains, including earthworks, dry moats, and earthen bridges, are valuable historical relics that convey the castle-building techniques and border situation of the Sengoku period. While minimal maintenance makes visiting somewhat difficult, this very difficulty allows for a more authentic experience of the atmosphere of the time.
When visiting Mihama Town, why not visit Karikurayama Castle along with Kuniyoshi Castle and reflect on the battles between the Asakura and Awaya clans, and the history of Echizen and Wakasa during the Sengoku period? You can enjoy a journey full of historical romance amidst the beautiful coastline of Wakasa Bay and abundant nature.
