Mimata Castle (Miyazaki Prefecture) Complete Guide: A Mountain Castle in Yamanokuchi Inherited from the Kimotsuki Clan to the Kitago Clan
What is Mimata Castle?
Mimata Castle is a mountain castle located in Hanaki, Yamanokuchi-cho, Miyakonojo City, Miyazaki Prefecture, also known as Matsuo Castle. Built on a mountaintop approximately 217 meters above sea level, this castle functioned as an important base protecting the southern part of the Miyakonojo Basin from the Nanboku-cho period to the Sengoku period. Currently, it is maintained as “Yamanokuchi Hydrangea Park,” with a replica keep, and is a popular tourist spot where approximately 28,000 hydrangeas of about 21 varieties bloom during the rainy season.
Mimata Castle retains a typical form of medieval castle in Hyuga Province (present-day Miyazaki Prefecture) and is a valuable historical site that tells the story of the region’s history. Both “Mimata Castle” and “Matsuo Castle” are used for the castle’s name, which is thought to be due to changes in naming depending on the era and ruler. ## History of Mimata Castle
Nanboku-cho Period: Construction by Kimotsuki Kaneshige
The history of Mimata Castle begins around 1336 (Kenmu 3), when it was built by Kimotsuki Kaneshige, a general of the Southern Court. The Kimotsuki clan was a powerful local family based in Osumi Province (present-day Kagoshima Prefecture), and Kaneshige was also known as “Mimata-dono.”
Kimotsuki Kaneshige played an active role on the Southern Court’s side during the turbulent Nanboku-cho period, and built a castle in this area to expand his power. However, there are various theories regarding the location of Kimotsuki Kaneshige’s main castle. Some theories place it at “Mimata Castle” in Ishiyama, Takajo-cho, while others place it at Gassan Hiyori Castle (Mimata-in Takajo). This is due to the difficulty in pinpointing the exact location of “Mimata-in Kaneshige’s main castle.”
Sengoku Period: One of the Eight Outer Castles of the Ito Clan
From the late Muromachi period to the Sengoku period, Mimata Castle came under the control of the Ito clan, a powerful daimyo family of Hyuga Province. Around 1495, when the Ito clan acquired Mimata-in, Mimata Castle was positioned as one of the “Eight Outer Castles of the Ito Clan,” centered around Hiyori Castle.
The Eight Outer Castles were subsidiary castles positioned around the main castle to protect it, and Mimata Castle played a crucial role among them. Records indicate that during this period, warriors such as Nagakura Harima-no-kami and Ebihara Gyobu-no-suke were stationed there as castle lords.
Around 1534, the castle was occupied by Kawasaki Kai-no-kami and the Murayama clan, vassals of the Ito clan. Mimata Castle, as a strategically important point controlling the southern part of the Miyakonojo Basin, played a vital role in maintaining the Ito clan’s power.
Conquest and Control by the Kitago Clan
During the mid-Sengoku period, as the Kitago clan, based in Miyakonojo, expanded their power, Mimata Castle became embroiled in conflict. The Kitago clan was a branch of the Shimazu clan and a powerful daimyo (feudal lord) controlling the Miyakonojo region.
Kitago Tadasuke, the lord of Miyakonojo, captured Mimata Castle during his conflict with the Ito clan. After a fierce battle, Mimata Castle fell, and thereafter became a castle held by the Kitago clan. This capture strengthened the Kitago clan’s control over the southern part of the Miyakonojo basin and allowed them to establish a favorable border with the Ito clan.
After coming under Kitago control, Kitago vassals such as Kabayama Aki-no-kami and Kawasaki Kai-no-kami were appointed as castle lords. The castle continued to be maintained as a military base and played an important role amidst the ongoing conflict between the Shimazu and Ito clans.
Changes Since the Early Modern Period
With the end of the Sengoku period and the beginning of the Edo period, Mimata Castle ceased to function as a military base. Due to the influence of the “One Castle Per Province” decree and other factors, it is believed to have been abandoned, like many other regional castles. Afterward, the castle ruins continued to exist as a historical site, remaining in the memories of the local people for a long time.
Structure and Layout of Mimata Castle
Topography and Location
Mimata Castle is a typical mountain castle built on a mountaintop approximately 217 meters above sea level. With a relative height of about 50 meters, it boasts an excellent location overlooking the Yamanokuchi Basin. The Shonai River flows to the north of the castle, functioning as a natural moat.
As a mountain castle, Mimata Castle is characterized by its defensive design that skillfully utilizes the steep terrain. The mountain slopes were difficult for attackers to climb, giving the defenders an advantage. Furthermore, the mountaintop offered a wide view of the surrounding area, providing the advantage of early detection of enemy movements. ### Layout of the Enclosures
The layout of Mimata Castle consisted of multiple enclosures (kuruwa) arranged around the main enclosure (honmaru) at the mountaintop. The honmaru was the central part of the castle, and it is believed to have housed the lord’s residence and important facilities.
Around the honmaru, smaller enclosures such as the second and third enclosures (ninomaru and sannomaru) were arranged in stages, creating a multi-layered defensive system. Each enclosure was demarcated by earthworks and moats, designed to gradually halt enemy advances.
Even today, traces of the enclosures remain at the castle site, allowing us to estimate the scale of the castle in its heyday. However, some remains may have been altered during the development of the site into Ajisai Park.
Defensive Structures
Mimata Castle possessed defensive structures typical of medieval mountain castles. Earthworks were built around the enclosures, preventing enemy intrusion and protecting the castle’s facilities.
The moats were constructed to cut across the ridge, serving as a crucial defensive line to block enemy advances. Additionally, vertical moats, dug along the slopes, were likely constructed to prevent attacks from the flanks.
The castle’s entrances, known as koguchi, were considered weak points and were therefore heavily fortified. It is presumed that features such as staggered structures and square-shaped enclosures made enemy intrusion difficult.
Current Mimata Castle: Yamanokuchi Hydrangea Park
Park Development
Currently, the Mimata Castle ruins have been developed into “Yamanokuchi Hydrangea Park,” a popular destination for locals and tourists. Walking paths are maintained within the park, allowing visitors to stroll through the castle ruins and reflect on history.
The park’s most striking feature is its approximately 28,000 hydrangeas of 21 varieties, which bloom profusely during the rainy season. The sight of hydrangeas in a variety of colors—white, red, blue, purple, and more—covering the mountainside is breathtaking, attracting many tourists every year. The best time to see the hydrangeas is usually from early June to early July, and events such as the “Hydrangea Festival” are held during this period.
Replica Castle Tower
A replica castle tower stands within the park, serving as a symbol of the castle ruins. While not based on historical accuracy and constructed as a tourist attraction, it plays a significant role in enhancing the atmosphere of the castle ruins.
From the replica castle tower, visitors can enjoy a panoramic view of the Yamanokuchi Basin, experiencing the scenery that the former castle lords likely saw. On clear days, the Kirishima mountain range can be seen in the distance, a truly awe-inspiring sight for visitors.
Preservation of the Remains
Due to the park’s development, some of the remains have been altered, but traces of the baileys and parts of the earthworks can still be seen. Especially around the main keep ruins, the terrain from the past is largely preserved, allowing visitors to experience the atmosphere of a medieval mountain castle.
Information boards and explanatory signs are also installed, allowing visitors to learn about the castle’s history and structure. For history enthusiasts, it’s a valuable place to walk around the castle ruins and reflect on the battles of the Sengoku period.
Highlights of Mimata Castle
Spectacular Hydrangea View
The biggest highlight of Mimata Castle is undoubtedly the hydrangeas during the rainy season. The sight of approximately 28,000 hydrangeas in full bloom is one of the largest in Miyazaki Prefecture.
The hydrangeas are planted along the mountain slope, and the scenery created by the colorful flowers resembles a natural carpet. Being able to admire the hydrangeas up close while walking along the promenade is another attraction. It’s also a popular photo spot, attracting many visitors with cameras in hand.
Views
The view from the mountaintop, approximately 217 meters above sea level, is a major attraction of Mimata Castle. Not only can you see the entire Yamanokuchi Basin, but on clear days, you can even see the Kirishima mountain range and Sakurajima volcano.
This view is the same one that the castle’s former lords used to monitor enemy movements. We, in modern times, can enjoy the surrounding scenery from this historical perspective. The view at sunset is particularly beautiful and well worth a visit.
Historical Walk
Another charm of Mimata Castle is the opportunity to experience the history of the Sengoku period while strolling through the castle ruins. By actually seeing the remains of the baileys and earthworks, you can understand the structure and defensive measures of the castle at that time.
Information boards explain the history and structure of the castle, making it enjoyable even without prior knowledge. Those interested in history may gain a deeper understanding by learning about the history of Mimata Castle beforehand.
Access Information
Access by Car
Mitsumata Castle (Yamanokuchi Hydrangea Park) is most easily accessible by car. It’s approximately 15 minutes from the Miyakonojo IC on the Miyazaki Expressway and approximately 5 minutes from the Yamanokuchi Smart IC.
The park has a free parking lot that can accommodate approximately 100 regular cars. It can get crowded during the peak hydrangea season, so it’s recommended to visit earlier in the day.
When using a car navigation system, searching for “Yamanokuchi Hydrangea Park” or “Mitsumata Castle” is convenient. The address is “Hanaki, Yamanokuchi-cho, Miyakonojo City, Miyazaki Prefecture.”
Access by Public Transportation
If using public transportation, the nearest station is Yamanokuchi Station on the JR Nippo Main Line. It’s approximately a 30-minute walk or a 10-minute taxi ride from the station.
If you plan to use the bus, Miyazaki Kotsu operates buses in the Yamanokuchi area, but the number of buses is limited, so it is recommended to check the timetable in advance. During the tourist season, extra buses may also be operated.
Visiting Hours and Fees
Yamanokuchi Hydrangea Park is generally open all day, and admission is free. However, there is no lighting at night, so daytime visits are recommended.
A visit around the park takes approximately 30 minutes to 1 hour. If you want to leisurely admire the hydrangeas or enjoy taking photos, it’s best to allow a little more time.
Nearby Tourist Attractions
Gassan Hiyori Castle (Mimatain Takajo)
Gassan Hiyori Castle, located approximately 15 kilometers northeast of Mimata Castle, has a deep historical connection to Mimata Castle. There is debate about which castle was the main castle of Kimotsuki Kaneshige, so visiting both and comparing them would be interesting.
The Gassan Hiyori Castle ruins have been developed into a park, and the remains such as the baileys and earthworks are well-preserved. The view overlooking the Miyakonojo Basin is magnificent, making it well worth visiting in conjunction with Mimata Castle.
Sekinoo Falls
Sekinoo Falls, a representative tourist attraction of Miyakonojo City, is located about 20 minutes by car from Mimata Castle. The magnificent waterfall, 40 meters wide and 18 meters high, has been selected as one of “Japan’s Top 100 Waterfalls,” offering a powerful and impressive sight.
Upstream from the waterfall is a group of potholes, rare in the world, designated as a national natural monument. Visiting this in conjunction with a visit to Mimata Castle makes for a fulfilling sightseeing course.
Miyakonojo City Museum of Art
Located in the heart of Miyakonojo City, the Miyakonojo City Museum of Art primarily exhibits works by artists associated with the region. It’s a convenient stop after visiting Mimata Castle and before enjoying meals and shopping in Miyakonojo city center.
Mimata Castle and the Sengoku History of Hyuga Province
The Conflict Between the Ito and Shimazu Clans
Understanding the history of Mimata Castle is essential to understanding the conflict between the Ito and Shimazu clans in Hyuga Province. The two clans fiercely fought for control of Hyuga Province throughout the Sengoku period, and Mimata Castle was one of the front lines.
The Ito clan was based in Obi in central Hyuga Province and, at its peak, controlled most of the province. On the other hand, the Shimazu clan was based in Satsuma Province (present-day western Kagoshima Prefecture), and its branch family, the Kitago clan, controlled the Miyakonojo area.
Because Mimata Castle was located on the border between these two forces, it frequently became a battlefield. The change in the castle’s ruler from the Ito clan to the Kitago clan symbolized a shift in the power balance in the region.
Relationship with Hyuga Mitaka Castle
Hyuga Province had three important castles known as “Hyuga Mitaka Castle.” These are Takajō, Mukasain Takajō, and Gassan Hiwajō (also known as Mimatain Takajō).
Mimatajō is sometimes confused with Gassan Hiwajō, but they are actually separate castles. However, there are various theories as to which was Kimotsuki Kaneshige’s main castle, and the relationship between the two castles is complex. In any case, there is no doubt that Mimatajō was one of the important military bases in southern Hyūga Province.
Points to Note When Visiting Mimatajō
Clothing and Equipment
Since Mimatajō is a mountain castle, it is recommended to wear comfortable clothing and shoes when visiting. While the walking paths are well-maintained, there are some steep slopes.
In summer, the sun is strong, so it’s a good idea to bring a hat and sunscreen. It’s also recommended to bring drinks for hydration. Insect repellent spray is also useful.
Photography Etiquette
During hydrangea season, many tourists visit, so please be considerate of those around you when taking photographs. Avoid occupying walking paths for extended periods or entering flowerbeds.
If using a tripod, please be careful not to obstruct the passage of other visitors. If you wish to use a drone for photography, it is recommended to check with the relevant department in Miyakonojo City in advance.
Enjoying the Site by Season
Mimata Castle can be visited throughout the year, but each season offers different charms.
Spring (March-May): The fresh greenery is beautiful, and you can enjoy strolling through the castle ruins in a refreshing climate. Cherry blossom viewing is also possible in the surrounding area during cherry blossom season.
Summer (June-August): This is the peak season for hydrangeas and the time when the most tourists visit. Don’t forget your rain gear during the rainy season.
Autumn (September-November): During the autumn foliage season, the entire mountain is colored, offering beautiful scenery. The weather is mild, making it ideal for strolling.
Winter (December-February): Fewer tourists, allowing for a peaceful visit to the castle ruins. However, cold weather precautions are necessary.
Cultural Value of Mimata Castle
Importance in Local History
Mimata Castle is an important historical site that tells the story of the Miyakonojo region’s history from the medieval period to the Sengoku period. It possesses cultural value as valuable evidence of power struggles in the region and the rise and fall of local powerful families.
In particular, as a castle involved with three powerful forces—the Kimotsuki, Ito, and Kitago clans—it is indispensable for understanding the Sengoku period history of southern Hyuga Province. The remains at the castle site provide clues to the castle construction techniques and defensive philosophies of the time.
Efforts for Preservation and Utilization
Miyakonojo City is working on the preservation and utilization of the Mimata Castle ruins. The development as a hydrangea park has created opportunities for many people to visit the castle ruins, successfully increasing interest in the region’s history.
On the other hand, there are challenges in preserving the remains due to its development as a tourist attraction. In the future, appropriate management will be required, balancing its use as a tourist resource with its preservation as a cultural property.
Summary
Mitsumata Castle (Miyakonojo City, Miyazaki Prefecture) is a mountain castle that functioned as an important military base in southern Hyuga Province from the Nanboku-cho period to the Sengoku period. Beginning with its construction by Kimotsuki Kaneshige, it played a significant role in the region’s history, changing rulers from the Ito clan to the Kitago clan.
Currently, it is maintained as Yamanokuchi Hydrangea Park, a popular tourist spot where approximately 28,000 hydrangeas bloom during the rainy season. The view from the castle ruins is also magnificent, making it a valuable place to enjoy both historical exploration and nature appreciation.
When visiting Miyakonojo City, be sure to visit the Mimata Castle ruins. You will be able to experience the fusion of beautiful nature and history while feeling the spirit of the Sengoku period. As a hidden gem of Miyazaki Prefecture, Mimata Castle will provide visitors with unforgettable memories.
